卫生健康领域“首违不罚”现状分析与完善建议  

Practice and Improvement of“Impunity for First Violation”in the Field of Health

作　　者：张玉鹏[1] 宋大平 Zhang Yupeng;Song Daping(Qihuang Law and Business Research Center,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;China National Health Development Research Center,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学岐黄法商研究中心,北京100029 [2]国家卫生健康委卫生发展研究中心,北京100044

出　　处：《卫生法学》2025年第1期98-105,共8页Health Law

摘　　要：新修订的《行政处罚法》新增“首违不罚”条款,各地各级卫生健康主管部门纷纷出台政策文件、“首违不罚”清单以及配套文书予以落实。目前卫生健康领域对“首违不罚”的核心要义把握不够精准,实施中存在与轻微不罚存在混同处理、不同行政区域适用“首违不罚”的标准不一致、剥夺执法部门的裁量权、执法文书形式影响行政相对人的实体权益、执法程序不够规范等问题。卫生健康领域需审慎落实“首违不罚”:要厘清“首违不罚”与轻微不罚的关系,在国家层面统一出台“首违不罚”清单,对“初次违法”的时空范围予以明确,健全执法信息系统。结合卫生健康领域的特殊性对“危害后果轻微”的裁量指标予以客观化,并提供裁量原则支持。完善执法文书,加强程序规范,健全卫生健康执法全流程管理,建立执法监督机制,以降低执法部门履职风险,最大程度保障行政相对人和公众健康权益。The newly revised"Administrative Punishment Law"has added a"Impunity for first violation"clause,and local health authorities at all levels have issued policy documents,lists of"Impunity for first violation"and supporting documents to implement them.At present,the core meaning of"Impunity for first violation"is not accurately grasped in the field of health.In implementation,there are problems such as confusion with minor impunity,inconsistent standards for applying"Impunity for first violation"in different administrative regions,deprivation of the discretion of law enforcement departments,the form of law enforcement documents affecting the substantive rights and interests of administrative counterparts,and insufficient standardization of law enforcement procedures.The field of health and health needs to prudently implement"Impunity for first violation":To clarify the relationship between"Impunity for first violation"and minor impunity,a list of"Impunity for first violation"should be uniformly issued at the national level,the time and space scope of"Impunity for first violation"should be clarified,and the law enforcement information system should be improved.Combined with the particularity of the health field,the discretionary indicators should be objectified,and the principle of discretion should be stipulated.Improve law enforcement documents,strengthen procedural norms,improve the whole process management of health law enforcement,and establish a law enforcement supervision mechanism to reduce the risk of law enforcement departments performing their duties,and maximize the protection of the health rights and interests of administrative counterparts and the public.

关 键 词：“首违不罚” 卫生健康 卫生执法 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]