基于GIS的吐鲁沟国家森林公园景观格局与生态敏感性分析  

Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Ecological Sensitivity of Tulugou National Forest Park Based on GIS

作　　者：杨开心 刘文兰[1] YANG Kaixin;LIU Wenlan(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《热带农业工程》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Tropical Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金——学科建设专项基金(No.GAU-XKJS-2018-114);甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(No.2019B-072);甘肃省林业和草原局林草科技创新与合作项目(No.kjcx2021004);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31360569)。

摘　　要：良好的生态环境是维持人类生存与发展的基础,是国家生态文明的重要前提。以吐鲁沟国家森林公园为例,探索森林生态环境保护方法,解决森林生态环境与社会发展的矛盾。将吐鲁沟国家森林公园DEM数据导入Arc GIS 10.6平台,从而获取单一因子的数据图层,并对这些图层进行加权叠加,从而得到吐鲁沟国家森林公园的生态敏感性分布图。景观格局指数的获取是在Arc GIS中将土地利用景观类型图转化为5 m×5 m的栅格格式,导出为Geo Tiff格式,然后运用FRAGSTATS 4.2进行分析。结果表明,吐鲁沟国家森林公园的综合生态敏感性为轻度敏感。吐鲁沟国家森林公园5个等级占比分别为:极敏感级占17.24%、高敏感级占11.32%、中敏感级占15%、轻敏感级占54.66%、不敏感级占1.78%,极敏感区域与高敏感区域大面积分布于小吐鲁沟森林风景区和吐鲁沟草原旅游区内,少部分位于景区入口处,景观格局的破碎化现象相对严重;轻敏感区域面积占比最大,位于前吐鲁沟森林风景区和大吐鲁沟森林风景区。根据吐鲁沟国家森林公园景观格局可以看出森林景观类型占比最大,为优势景观资源,高山草甸景观类型受外界干扰最强,景观破碎度较高,斑块形状复杂。景观格局与生态敏感性分布存在正相关。该研究一方面为吐鲁沟国家森林公园生态资源的保护、经营管理和规划建设提供参考,另一方面也为吐鲁沟国家森林公园生态敏感区域的风景资源提出不同的生态保育策略。A favorable ecological environment is the foudation for maintaining human survival and development,it's also a significant prerequisite for national ecological civilization.Taking the Tulugou National Forest Park as an example,this paper explores methods for forest ecosystem protection and addresses the contradiction between forest ecosystem conservation and social development.The Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data of Tulugou National Forest Park was imported into ArcGIS 10.6 platform to obtain single-factor data layers,which were then weighted and overlaid to produce an ecological sensitivity distribution map of the park.The landscape pattern indeces were obtained by converting the land use landscape type map into a 5 m×5 m grid format in ArcGIS,exporting it in GeoTiff format,and then analyzing it using FRAGSTATS 4.2.The results show that the overall ecological sensitivity of Tulugou National Forest Park is mildly sensitive.The proportions of the five degrees are:extremely sensitive areas account for 17.24%,highly sensitive areas account for 11.32%,moderately sensitive areas account for 15%,lightly sensitive areas account for 54.66%,and insensitive areas account for 1.78%.Extensive areas of extremely and highly sensitive areas are distributed in the Xiaotulugou Forest Scenic Area and the Tulugou Grassland Tourism Area,with small portions located at the entrance of the scenic area,where the fragmentation of the landscape pattern is relatively severe.Lightly sensitive areas have the largest proportion,are located in the Qiantulugou Forest Scenic Area and Datulugou Forest Scenic Area.According to the landscape pattern of Tulugou National Forest Park,the forest landscapes make up the largest proportion and are the dominant landscape resource.Alpine meadow landscapes are the most affected by external disturbances,showing higher landscape fragmentation and complex patch shapes.There is a positive correlation between landscape patterns and ecological sensitivity distribution.This study provides references for the protec

关 键 词：生态敏感性 景观格局 国家森林公园 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]