川西北高寒草甸转为耕地对土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of conversion of alpine meadow to cultivated land on the soil microbial community in northwest Sichuan

作　　者：涂晓东 崔俊芳 况福虹[1] 李春培 杜玖珍[3] 王红兰[3] 唐翔宇 TU Xiao-dong;CUI Jun-fang;KUANG Fu-hong;LI Chun-pei;DU Jiu-zhen;WANG Hong-an;TANG Xiang-yu(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610299,China;College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院,水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610299 [2]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300 [3]四川省中医药科学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第2期54-66,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2022NSFSC0102);四川省转移支付项目(R22ZYZF0002)资助。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代在川西北若尔盖地区,大面积高寒草甸挖渠排水后开垦为耕地,后又用于唐古特大黄等道地药材种植,土地利用转化对土壤理化性质和微生物群落会产生重要影响。利用Illumina MiSeq测序技术,对比分析了若尔盖高寒草甸和唐古特大黄土壤0~60 cm土层微生物群落特征,探究土地利用变化对土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响。结果表明,高寒草甸开垦为耕地后土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量和滞留含水量降低。不同深度唐古特大黄土壤pH值和全钾含量均显著高于草甸土壤,有机质含量在0~20 cm土层显著低于草甸土壤,碱解氮和总氮含量仅在土壤深度分别为0~20 cm和20~40 cm时显著降低。与草甸土壤相比,唐古特大黄土壤细菌多样性增加而真菌多样性降低,芽孢杆菌属相对丰度显著增加,有益真菌相对丰度降低,潜在有害真菌相对丰度增加。冗余分析结果表明,速效钾、有机质、有效磷、总氮是影响土壤微生物群落的主要养分因子。共现网络分析表明,草甸开垦转为耕地后土壤微生物群落复杂性降低,细菌形成了比真菌更复杂的共现网络。研究结果有助于深入了解川西北高寒草甸开垦后土壤理化性质和微生物群落变化,可为人工种植唐古特大黄的可持续性提供理论依据。In the 1960s,extensive tracts of alpine meadows in the Zoige region of northwestern Sichuan were drained and converted into cultivated land,later utilized for cultivating genuine medicinal materials(for example Rheum tanguticum).This change is significantly impacting soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.Utilizing Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology,this study compares and analyzes the microbial community characteristics of the Zoige alpine meadows and soils used for R.tanguticum cultivation across soil depths of 0-60 cm.The effects of the land use change on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities are investigated.Results indicate that the conversion of alpine meadow into cultivated land led to decrease in saturated moisture content,field capacity,and retention water content.The pH and total potassium content of soils used to grow R.tanguticum were significantly higher than meadow soil at several depths,while organic matter content was significantly lower in the 0-20 cm soil layer compared to meadow soil.Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen content only significantly decreased at soil depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm,respectively.Compared with meadow soil,R.tanguticum soil exhibited increased bacterial diversity and decreased fungal diversity.Cultivation of R.tanguticum significantly increased the abundance of Bacillus,reduced beneficial fungi,and increased potentially harmful fungi.Redundancy analysis highlighted available potassium,organic matter,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen as the main nutrient factors influencing soil microbial communities.Co-occurrence network analysis suggested that the conversion of meadow to cultivated land reduced the complexity of soil microbial communities,with bacteria forming more complex co-occurrence networks than fungi.The findings contribute significantly to the advanced understanding of the alterations in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities following the reclamation of alpine meadows in Northweste

关 键 词：高寒草甸 微生物群落 土地利用变化 唐古特大黄 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]