不同施肥处理种植王草后对稀土尾矿土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响  

Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of rare earth mine tailings after planting king grass

作　　者：欧翔 连海 陈荣强 邱静芸 吴丽娟 操贤洪 张强 雷小文 OU Xiang;LIAN Hai;CHEN Rong-qiang;QIU Jing-yun;WU Li-juan;CAO Xian-hong;ZHANG Qiang;LEI Xiao-wen(Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute,Ganzhou 341401,China)

机构地区：[1]赣州市畜牧水产研究所,江西赣州341401

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第2期94-108,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展项目(20221ZDF0317);江西省高层次高技能领军人才培养工程人选项目(赣人社发[2022]34号)资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同施肥处理对种植王草修复稀土尾矿土壤的改良效果,设置化肥(CK)、沼液(Z)、腐熟牛粪(N)、腐熟牛粪+沼液(N+Z)、蚯蚓粪(Q)、蚯蚓粪+沼液(Q+Z)6个处理进行田间等氮量施肥试验,分析连续3年各处理对稀土尾矿土壤理化性质、酶活性及其相互作用规律的影响。结果表明:(1)连续3年各组土壤容重呈下降趋势,最大持水量、毛管持水量、孔隙度、通气度、pH、有机质、氮、磷、钾、碱解氮、速效磷呈上升趋势;在修复第3年Q+Z组对土壤容重、持水量、孔隙度、通气度、pH、速效磷、速效钾的改良效果优于其他处理。(2)连续3年N、N+Z、Q、Q+Z组土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性呈上升趋势,第3年均显著高于CK组,土壤脱氢酶活性仅N+Z组第1年显著高于同期CK组,其中Q组对土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性的提升优于其他处理。(3)土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤容重呈极显著负相关,与pH、有机质、速效养分、持水量、孔隙度、通气度呈极显著相关,脱氢酶活性与全磷呈极显著相关,与全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质、毛管持水量、孔隙度、通气度显著相关。通过模糊数学隶属函数法进行综合评价发现,施用蚯蚓粪+沼液处理连续3年综合排序第一,可作为种植王草修复赣南离子型稀土尾矿土壤的最佳施肥处理。The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different fertilization treatments on the growth of king grass(Pennisetum purpureum×Pennisetum americanum cv.Reyan No.4)planted as a strategy to rehabilitate soil in rare earth tailings.A field experiment was conducted with six treatments,namely chemical fertilizer(CK),biogas slurry(Z),decomposed cow dung(N),decomposed cow dung+biogas slurry(N+Z),earthworm castings(Q),and earthworm castings+biogas slurry(Q+Z).The effects of the different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and the patterns of enzyme interactions were determined in three consecutive years.The results showed that:(1)In each group,the soil bulk density showed a downward trend over the three years,and the maximum moisture capacity,capillary moisture capacity,porosity,aeration,pH,and contents of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,alkaline nitrogen,and available phosphorus showed an upward trend.In the third year of restoration,the Q+Z treatment had the strongest effect to improve soil bulk density,moisture capacity,porosity,aeration,pH,and available phosphorus and available potassium contents.(2)The activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,and sucrase showed an increasing trend in the N,N+Z,Q,and Q+Z treatments over the three years,and their values were significantly higher than those in the CK group in the third year(P<0.05).Soil dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in the N+Z treatment than in CK in the first year.The activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,and sucrase were higher in the Q treatment than in the other treatments.(3)The activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,and sucrase showed highly significant negative correlations with soil bulk density,and highly significant positive correlations with soil pH,organic matter,available nutrients,moisture capacity,porosity,and aeration.The dehydrogenase activity showed a highly significant correlation with total phosphorus content,and significant correlations with total potassium

关 键 词：稀土尾矿 王草 施肥 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]