智能化、劳动力有效配置与就业质量提升  

Intelligentization,Labor Effective Allocation,and the Improvement of Employment Quality

作　　者：孙早[1] 高昕凯 SUN Zao;GAO Xinkai(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期53-68,共16页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家“十三五”哲学社会科学基金重点项目(20AJY006)。

摘　　要：智能化的深入推进势必会对就业市场以及劳动力就业质量产生深远影响。运用劳动力微观调查数据构建就业质量综合指标体系,并与省级智能化指数相匹配,实证检验智能化对劳动力就业质量的影响机制。经验研究表明:智能化发展有助于促进劳动者就业质量的提升。将劳动力配置纳入智能化影响就业质量的框架后发现,劳动力空间配置以及劳动力与岗位匹配是智能化影响就业质量的重要渠道。智能化并不会以“涓流”的形式平等提升所有劳动力群体的就业质量,按劳动力个体特征划分,智能化对于非认知能力更强、专用型人力资本积累更多的个体就业质量提升效果更明显;按劳动力所处地区划分,智能化的就业质量提升效应对处于高经济发展水平地区的劳动力更明显。据此提出,政府在加快推进智能化发展的同时,应积极引导企业和劳动者以人工智能技术为手段切实促进就业质量提升,形成促进高质量充分就业的长效机制。In recent years,spurred by a global wave of new technological revolutions and industrial transformations,artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a paradigmatic shift in the technological domain.Nations have increasingly viewed the development of AI technology as a pivotal lever for ascending the value chain,striving to achieve breakthroughs in new arenas and thereby gain a competitive advantage in development.As labor markets gradually mature,achieving high-quality employment entails not only expanding job opportunities but also prioritizing the evaluation of employment quality,a crucial nexus for enhancing societal well-being.Against this backdrop,the further promotion of intelligentization is bound to have far-reaching significance to the employment of labor.However,existing literature predominantly focuses on the effects of intelligentization on employment scale and structure,with scant exploration from the perspective of employment quality.Therefore,this paper integrates labor force allocation into its analytical framework to deeply investigate the implications of intelligentization on employment quality and its operative mechanisms.This paper constructs a provincial-level intelligentization index based on data from various sources including the China Statistical Yearbook,the International Federation of Robotics(IFR),the China Rural Economic Management Statistical Yearbook,and independently collected data.It utilizes the China Labor Dynamics Survey databases from 2016 and 2018 to empirically examine individual employment quality.The result show that:Intelligentization has a significant role in promoting the employment quality of labor.It is found that the spatial allocation of labor force and the matching between labor force and jobs are the important channels to intelligentization influence the employment quality.Intelligentization won’t improve the employment quality of all labor groups equally,grouped by the individual characteristics of labor,intelligentization has a more effective improvement in the

关 键 词：智能化 就业质量 劳动力空间配置 劳动力与岗位匹配 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F249.2