职场社会资本:结构特征、来源机制和社会效应  

Work-Centered Social Capital:Structural Features,Generation Mechanisms and Social Effects

作　　者：郭小弦 李晓光[1] GUO Xiaoxian;LI Xiaoguang(School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期162-173,共12页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University:Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BSH022);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72204196)。

摘　　要：伴随中国经济社会的快速变革和社会成员的深度镶嵌,职场社会资本正在迅速崛起。聚焦职场社会资本的结构特征、产生机制和社会效应,采用2021年社会网络与职业经历调查数据开展实证分析。研究结果显示:第一,个体在职场业缘交往中网络顶端、网络差异、网络均值的提升,可以显著优化职场社会资本。第二,职场位置和联结强度对职场社会资本的产生发挥着重要作用。职场位置论表明,职业类型、行业类型、工作部门深刻影响着职场社会资本的形成。联结强度论表明,无论是科层联结强度还是市场联结强度,都可以显著增加人们的职场社会资本。第三,职场社会资本可以显著提升经济回报和社会融入。经济回报论表明,职场社会资本的提升有助于工作晋升和工资提升;社会融入论表明,职场社会资本会显著影响工作满意度和主观幸福感。面向未来,职场社会资本的研究亟待进一步拓展,尤其需要关注职场社会资本对社会分层和职业流动的影响、职场社会资本蕴藏的正负效应以及数字时代的职场社会资本及其可能后果。The rapid transformation of the socio-economic landscape and the advent of the digital era are revolutionizing the sources,characteristics,and effects of individual social capital.However,existing research on social capital rarely addresses work-centered social capital specifically.Most studies treat individual social capital as a unified construct,without identifying or differentiating the domains in which social capital originates.Theoretically,social capital emerging from family,workplace,and community domains may differ significantly in structural features and social effects.Amid China’s rapid socio-economic changes and the deep embedding of individuals in social structures,work-centered social capital is rising rapidly.This study focuses on the structural characteristics,generation mechanisms,and social effects of work-centered social capital,utilizing the latest nationally representative survey data for empirical analysis.In the theoretical analysis,work-centered social capital is defined as the potential social resources embedded in an individual’s work-related network,characterized by social interactions and mobilization potential.Its key attributes include relationship strength,resource embedding,and dynamic evolution.For the sources of work-centered social capital,the study proposes the Workplace Position Theory and the Linkage Strength Theory,introducing a two-dimensional ideal typology of hierarchical connections and market connections.For the effects of work-centered social capital,the study identifies two key outcomes:economic return effects and social integration effects.The empirical data used in this study comes from the 2021“Job Search and Social Networks”survey(JSNET 2021).Initiated in 1999,the JSNET survey is the longest-running and most authoritative project in China’s research on social capital and social networks.The 2021 wave represents the latest data in this field.The findings reveal the following:First,enhancements in network prominence,network diversity,and network average qu

关 键 词：社会资本 职场位置 联结强度 经济回报 社会融入 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理] C912.3[社会学]