嵌入式发展:青年返乡创业助力乡村振兴的逻辑、困境与路径  

Embed Development:The Logic,Dilemma,and Path of Youth Returning Home to Start Businesses and Participating in Rural Revitalization

作　　者：曹兵妥 李博[1] 李仙娥[1] CAO Bingtuo;LI Bo;LI Xiane(Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《西安财经大学学报》2025年第1期105-116,共12页Journal of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新发展阶段乡村振兴重点帮扶县人才精准回引机制研究”(22CSH080)。

摘　　要：随着乡村振兴战略向纵深推进,青年返乡创业在乡村建设中焕发出新的生机活力,已经成为解决“三农”问题、促进乡村全面振兴的重要力量。既有研究主要聚焦于青年返乡创业的政策背景、现实意义和发展动力,对创业与乡村振兴之间的理论研究尤其是互动式关系关注不足,且较少从实践角度对创业制约因素进行探究。本文基于嵌入式发展的分析视角,认为创业只有镶嵌于农村社会结构及其社会网络、契合各方面需求才能产生效益;同时,创业也受到当地资源条件的约束,需要协调整合以满足创业的发展要求,并反过来对村庄发展会产生有利影响,即形成创业深耕于乡土社会的“嵌入式发展”形态。具体地,青年返乡创业通过机会嵌入、主体嵌入、资源嵌入深植于农村社会,并对乡村产业、人才、文化振兴等起到了积极的推进作用,从而有效赋能乡村振兴。然而,创业领域选择失策、回乡青年面临适应性困难、产业环境存在明显短板、支持政策体系化不足等使得实践中存在创业领域“脱嵌”于产业振兴需要、人员“脱嵌”于乡土传统社会、资源“脱嵌”于企业现实需要等问题。基于嵌入式发展逻辑和“脱嵌”现实困境,本文提出从科学制定和实施地方振兴规划、多措并举以提高创业者主体性、统筹规划以补齐产业环境短板、精准施策以促进扶持政策落地等四个维度提升创业嵌入,推动实现返乡创业与乡村发展深度融合,逐步构建返乡创业赋能乡村振兴的长效机制。As the rural revitalization strategy advances,youth returning home to start businesses has become an important force to solve issues relating to agriculture,rural areas and farmers,and pushes forward all-round rural vitalization,injecting vitality and vigor into rural construction.Although existing studies have comprehensively discussed the policy background,practical significance and development motivation of youth returning home to start businesses,the theoretical research on the relationship between entrepreneurship and rural revitalization,especially the interactive relationship,has not been deeply analyzed,and the constraints of entrepreneurship seldom explored from a practical view.Based on the perspective of embedded development,this paper argues that entrepreneurship could generates benefits if it embedded in the rural social structure,social network and meeting the practical needs of all aspects.At the same time,entrepreneurship is also constrained by local resource conditions,and it is necessary to coordinate and integrate various resources to meet the requirements of entrepreneurship,which in turn has a favorable impact on the villages’development,namely the“embedded development”form.Specifically,entrepreneurship is deeply rooted in the social structure and networks of rural communities through opportunity embedding,subject embedding,and resource embedding,effectively empowering rural revitalization.However,misjudged entrepreneurial fields,adaptive difficulty of entrepreneurs,shortcomings in industrial environment,and insufficient systematicity of supportive policies lead to problems such as industry choices disembedded from needs of industrial revitalization,entrepreneurs detached from traditional rural society,and resources detached from business needs.Based on the logic of embedded development and“disembedded”challenges,it is proposed to promote deep integration between returning home entrepreneurship and rural development by scientific formulation and implementation of local revitalizatio

关 键 词：青年返乡创业 乡村振兴 嵌入式发展 产业振兴 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]