基于机载激光雷达的复杂环境空间考古调查方法  

Spatial archaeological surface survey method in complex occurrence environment supported by airborne LiDAR

作　　者：田松林 秦高敏 乔保同 王巍 先怡衡[1] 于春[1] TIAN Songlin;QIN Gaomin;QIAO Baotong;WANG Wei;XIAN Yiheng;YU Chun(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Nanyang Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage,Nanyang 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127 [2]南阳文物保护研究院,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期139-149,共11页Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101503)。

摘　　要：机载激光雷达作为一种主动遥感技术,可在复杂环境中有效感知地表或浅地表遗迹信息。然而因成本和技术因素,目前在大规模考古调查中仍不普及。基于棱镜式半固态机载激光雷达技术设计了一套涵盖数据采集、处理和考古分析的一站式激光雷达空间考古调查方法,在满足激光雷达数据精度要求的同时,降低了考古工作者学习和应用的难度,并以南阳地区古代城址调查为例,在各种复杂的遗迹赋存环境中进行了试验。实践表明,该方法能够高效、高质量地完成复杂赋存环境下的考古遗迹信息获取与感知,为考古调查和遗址保护监测等工作提供坚实的数据基础,进而推动机载激光雷达在考古调查中的普及应用。Airborne LiDAR,as an active remote sensing technology,effectively perceives surface or shallow subsurface relic information in complex environments.However,due to the cost and technical factors,it remains unpopular in large-scale archaeological survey.Based on prism semi-solid airborne LiDAR,we’ve designed a total spatial archaeological survey method encompassing data acquisition,processing,and archaeological analysis.This method not only meets the precision requirements of LiDAR data,but also reduces the learning and application difficulty for archaeologists.Taking the ancient city site survey in Nanyang as an example,we tested this method across various cultural heritage occurrence environments,including vegetated areas,urban landscapes,and micro-topographical scenes.The results indicate that this method efficiently and effectively acquires and senses archaeological relic information in complex environments,providing a solid data foundation for archaeological surveys,site protection monitoring,and related endeavors.Consequently,this method advances the widespread application of airborne LiDAR in spatial archaeological surface survey.

关 键 词：机载激光雷达 空间考古 赋存环境 微地貌 数字考古 

分 类 号：K854.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]