基于MaxEnt模型的滇金丝猴生境适宜性及保护空缺分析  

Analysis of Habitat Suitability and Conservation Gap of the Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey Based on MaxEnt Model

作　　者：石小倩 沈金祥[1] 和春兰[1] 黄志旁 SHI Xiaoqian;SHEN Jinxiang;HE Chunlan;HUANG Zhipang(Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College,Kunming,652501,China;Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,650500,China;Southwest United Graduate School,Kunming,650092,China;Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research,Dali University,Dali,671003,China;Yunling Black-and-white Snub-nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province,Dali,671003,China)

机构地区：[1]云南国土资源职业学院,昆明652501 [2]云南师范大学地理学部,昆明650500 [3]西南联合研究生院,昆明650092 [4]大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院,大理671003 [5]云岭滇金丝猴云南省野外科学观测研究站,大理671003

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期14-23,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022J1368,2023J1599);云南省西南联合研究生院科技专项-基础研究和应用基础研究重大项目(202302A0370007);云南国土资源职业学院科技创新团队建设项目(2021KJTD03);云南省教育卫生科研工会创新团队项目。

摘　　要：明确滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)适宜生境的空间分布及保护空缺,对科学合理地保护该物种具有重要意义。利用滇金丝猴物种分布点数据,运用MaxEnt模型评估其生境适宜性,采用Pearson相关性分析评价环境因子对生境适宜性的影响,并对照当前保护区范围分析尚存的保护空缺。结果表明:(1)滇金丝猴高、中适宜生境面积为3788.65 km^(2)(仅占研究区总面积的16.93%),主要分布在丽江老君山国家公园、迪庆白马雪山自然保护区及其周边区域;(2)基于滇金丝猴生活习性和人类干扰,影响该物种生境适宜性的主要因子有土地利用类型、年降水量、植被类型、距居民点距离、距水系距离和距道路距离等;(3)现已建立的保护区覆盖了1730.05 km^(2)(45.66%)的适宜生境,还有2058.60 km^(2)(54.34%)的适宜生境存在保护空缺,其中,迪庆州的保护空缺面积(794.52 km^(2))最大,其后依次为大理州、丽江市、怒江州和昌都市,保护空缺面积分别为442.82、420.88、378.14、22.24 km^(2)。研究结果可为滇金丝猴保护区体系的优化提供科学依据和数据支撑。It is significant to identifying the spatial distribution of suitable habitats and conservation gap of Yunnan snubnosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)for the scientific and rational protection of this species.The MaxEnt model was em⁃ployed to assess the habitat suitability of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys based on the species distribution data.Pearson’s correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on habitat suitability.And the remaining conservation gap was identified according to the current scope of the protected area.The results showed that:(1)The ar⁃eas of high and moderate suitable habitats for the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys was 3788.65 km^(2)(constituting merely 16.93%of the total study area),mainly distributed in Lijiang Laojunshan National Park and Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve of Diqing and its surrounding regions;(2)Based on the habits of the Yunnan sunb-nosed monkey and human dis⁃turbances,the main factors affecting the habitat suitability of the species were land use type,annual rainfall,vegetation type,distance to human settlement,distance to water system and distance to road,etc.;(3)The existing protected areas covered 1730.05 km^(2)(45.66%)of the suitable habitats.and 2058.60 km^(2)(54.34%)of suitable habitats were in conserva⁃tion gaps.Among them,the protection gap area in Diqing Prefecture was the largest at 794.52 km^(2),followed by Dali Pre⁃fecture,Lijiang City,Nujiang Prefecture and Changdu City,with the conservation gap areas of 442.82,420.88,378.14,and 22.24 km^(2),respectively.The research findings could provide a scientific basis and data support for optimizing of the protection area system for the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys’conservation.

关 键 词：滇金丝猴 生境适宜性 保护空缺 MaxEnt模型 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]