基于物种监测数据的卡拉麦里国家公园野生动物观赏路线设计  

Design of Wildlife Viewing Routes in Kalamaili National Park Based on Species Monitoring Data

作　　者：边海东 阿依江·叶尔肯 邵长亮 宗诚[1] 程鲲[1] 吕墨晗 BIAN Haidong;AYIJIANG Yelken;SHAO Changliang;ZONG Cheng;CHENG Kun;LÜMohan(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Wildlife Research Institute of Kalamaili Nature Reserve,Urumqi,830000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]卡山自然保护区野生动植物研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期90-99,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：科技部重点研发项目(2021xjkk1206-5)。

摘　　要：野生动物观赏是国家公园户外游憩的重要类型,在自然区域进行的野生动物观察、摄影受到越来越多人的关注。为充分体现卡拉麦里国家公园的全民公益性,使丰富独特的野生动物资源得以发挥其观赏和教育价值,本研究通过红外相机监测的方法,统计卡拉麦里国家公园一般控制区道路附近水源地的野生动物分布情况,根据其出现的时间、地点和频率综合设计观赏路线,在对野生动物无干扰的原则下,基于原有道路的联通性设计了夏季(7—8月)和秋季(9—10月)两条观赏路线,并在夏季和秋季观赏路线上各设置4个观赏点,秋季观赏路线还有1个补充观赏点。两条路线上数量较多的观赏物种主要有蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)、野马(E.ferus)和鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)3种有蹄类,其他出现指数较高的观赏物种有狼(Canis lupus)、盘羊(Ovis ammon)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)和毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)等。研究结果为未来国家公园野生动物旅游规划和管理提供了科学依据。Wildlife viewing is an important type of outdoor recreation in national parks.Wildlife observation and photogra⁃phy in natural areas have attracted more and more attention.In order to fully reflect the public welfare and comprehensive sharing of Kalamaili National Park,so that its rich and unique wildlife resources can be used in a non-consumptive and sus⁃tainable way,the distribution of wild animals in the water source near the road in the general control area of Kalamaili Na⁃tional Park was calculated by means of infrared camera monitoring,and the viewing route was designed according to their appearance time,place and frequency,under the principle of no disturbance to wildlife,a planning and design scheme was proposed based on the connectivity of the original road.Two viewing routes in summer(July to August)and autumn(Sep⁃tember to October)was designed.The summer and autumn viewing route has four viewing points respectively,and there is one supplementary viewing point for autumn route.Three ungulates species,Mongolian kulan(Equus hemionus),Przewal⁃ski’s wild horse(E.ferus),goitered gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa)are the main viewing species.Other ornamental spe⁃cies with a relatively high occurrence frequency include wolves(Canis lupus),argali(Ovis ammon),ruddy shelduck(Ta⁃dorna ferruginea)and Pallas’s sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus).The results provide a scientific basis for the future planning and management of wildlife tourism in national parks.

关 键 词：卡拉麦里国家公园 水源地 红外相机监测 野生动物旅游 观赏点 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]