浙江德清野化放飞朱鹮越冬期的觅食地选择  

Foraging-site Selection of the Released Crested Ibis During Wintering Period in Deqing,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：邱国强 姜家虎 张泽东 刘小甜 袁李莹 代雯雯 徐向龙 丁长青[2] QIU Guoqiang;JIANG Jiahu;ZHANG Zedong;LIU Xiaotian;YUAN Liying;DAI Wenwen;XU Xianglong;DING Changqing(Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center,Deqing,313200,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]德清县生态林业综合服务中心,德清313200 [2]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期100-106,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32270554);德清县生态林业综合服务中心朱鹮野外监测项目(ZJXRDQ-2023-JC72)。

摘　　要：浙江德清于2014年开展朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)野化放飞,初步建立了我国南方的第一个朱鹮野化放飞种群,但目前对该种群越冬期的觅食地选择情况尚不完全清楚,制定保护对策缺乏依据。2024年1月,通过野外实地调查确定了浙江德清野化放飞朱鹮的觅食地,并采集36个觅食地样方的生境信息,利用主成分分析(PCA)对德清朱鹮越冬期觅食地的主要特征进行统计。结果表明:在越冬期,德清朱鹮主要在“晾晒”养殖塘、养殖塘边坡与冬水田觅食;朱鹮选择利用的养殖塘边坡较缓,均不大于22°,且水深不超过20 cm;大部分觅食地(94.4%)的土壤松软、人为干扰程度较低。主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分分别反映了隐蔽地因子、觅食地因子、干扰因子、开阔度因子和土壤因子。德清朱鹮在越冬期倾向于选择距林地与河道较近(隐蔽地因子)、站立处坡度较小且水深较浅(觅食地因子)、距居民点较远和干扰程度较低(干扰因子)、较为开阔(开阔度因子)以及土壤较为松软(土壤因子)的区域觅食。野外调查结果表明,德清朱鹮野化放飞种群在越冬期选择的觅食地类型与已有研究中陕西洋县朱鹮野生种群的情况有所不同,反映了朱鹮在我国南方地区放飞后对当地栖息地的适应性。根据研究结果,建议统筹协调,“错峰”调配养殖户在冬季排水晒塘的时间,同时对部分关键区域的养殖塘边坡进行平缓化修复,保证朱鹮在越冬期能持续拥有食物资源丰富的适宜觅食地。研究结果可为制定有针对性的朱鹮栖息地修复对策提供科学依据,对未来我国南方地区的朱鹮野化放飞具有重要指导意义。The crested ibis(Nipponia nippon)was released into the wild at Deqing,Zhejiang Province in 2014,and the first released population of crested ibis was initially established in southern China.However,the selection of foraging-site for crested ibis in Deqing during the wintering period is still not completely clear,and there is no basis for formulating conser⁃vation measures.In January 2024,we carried out a field survey and collected the habitat information of 36 foraging plots in Deqing County to determine the foraging-sites of crested ibis.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to analyze the main characteristics of the foraging-sites.The results showed that crested ibis in Deqing foraged in“dry-pond”aquaculture ponds,the slopes of ponds and winter paddy field during the wintering period.The foraging grounds selected by crested ibis had a gentle slope of no more than 22°and a shallow water depth of no more than 20 cm.Most foraging-sites(94.4%)had low soil softness and human disturbance.The results of principal component analysis showed that the first 5 principal components reflected the shelter factor,the foraging-site factor,the disturbance factor,the openness factor and the soil fac⁃tor,respectively.During the wintering period,crested ibis preferred habitats close to wooded areas and rivers(shelter fac⁃tor),with gentle slopes and shallow waters(foraging-site factor),far from human settlements with low human interference(disturbance factor),relatively open(openness factor),with soft soil(soil factor)space.The results of field investigation showed that the types of foraging-sites selected by the released crested ibis in Deqing during the wintering period were dif⁃ferent from those of the wild crested ibis in Yang County,which reflected the ecological adaptation of crested ibis to the lo⁃cal characteristic habitat after being released in southern China.According to the results,we suggest to coordinate the tim⁃ing of ponds drying for aquaculture farmers during winter and gentle the slope of the p

关 键 词：朱鹮 越冬期 觅食地特征 主成分分析 养殖塘 冬水田 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]