圈养蓝腹鹇雌鸟雄化现象与性激素水平变化关系  

The Relationship Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gynandry of Swinhoe’s Pheasants in Captivity

作　　者：张敬[1,2] 王伟[1,2] 詹同彤 莫嘉琪 于杨 陈绚姣[3] 胡昕[1,2] 朱毅 由玉岩[1,2] 张成林[1] 陈足金[3] John Corder 张恩权[1] ZHANG Jing;WANG Wei;ZHAN Tongtong;MO Jiaqi;YU Yang;CHEN Xuanjiao;HU Xin;ZHU Yi;YOU Yuyan;ZHANG Chenglin;CHEN Zujin;John CORDER;ZHANG Enquan(Beijing Zoo Management Office,Beijing,100044,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology,Beijing Zoo,Beijing,100044,China;Guangzhou Zoo,Guangzhou,510070,China;World Pheasant Association,The Gateway,85-101 Sankey Street,Warrington,Cheshire,WA11SR,UK)

机构地区：[1]北京动物园管理处,北京100044 [2]北京动物园圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [3]广州动物园,广州510070 [4]世界雉类协会,The Gateway,85-101 Sankey Street,Warrington,Cheshire,WA11SR

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期127-134,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：北京动物园园管课题(KGBZ202218)。

摘　　要：雉类在圈养过程中部分雌性个体会出现雄化现象(羽毛颜色趋于雄性特征),为了解这种现象与性激素变化之间的关系,建立准确鉴别雄化个体的方法,以圈养蓝腹鹇(Lophura swinhoii)为对象,针对雌鸟雄化现象与粪便中性激素水平变化的关系开展研究。2022—2023年,在北京动物园和广州动物园共选取蓝腹鹇个体20只,采集繁殖期(4—6月)和非繁殖期(10—12月)的粪样共256份,用酶联免疫法检测17β-雌二醇(estradiol,E_(2))和睾酮(testosterone,T)的含量,计算E_(2)/T,并分别对雄组、雌组和雄化组个体的E_(2)、T含量以及E_(2)/T进行统计学分析。结果显示:圈养蓝腹鹇在繁殖期和非繁殖期,雄组和雌组的E_(2)含量、E_(2)/T均呈极显著性差异(P<0.01),T含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05);雌组和雄化组的E_(2)含量和E_(2)/T均呈极显著性差异(P<0.01),T含量无显著差异;雄化组与雄组的E_(2)、T含量和E_(2)/T均无显著差异。在繁殖期和非繁殖期中,雌组E_(2)含量平均值和E_(2)/T平均值均极显著高于雄化组(P<0.01);繁殖期和非繁殖期雄组和雄化组E_(2)/T均小于1。研究结果表明,蓝腹鹇雌鸟E_(2)含量下降、E_(2)/T降低能引发雌鸟中止产卵,换羽期后羽色向雄性羽色转变。若雌性个体繁殖期或非繁殖期的E_(2)/T平均值小于1,且曾经产卵,之后外部羽色出现雄性羽色特征且没有“距”,则可确定其为雄化个体。Some female pheasants become gynandry in captivity where they develop male plumage characteristic.In or⁃der to understand the relationship between the phenomenon and the change in sex hormone levels,and to establish an ac⁃curate method for identifying the gynandrous individuals,we studied the relationship between the phenomenon and the fe⁃cal sex hormone level of Swinhoe’s pheasant(Lophura swinhoii)in captivity.Twenty Swinhoe’s pheasants from Beijing Zoo and Guangzhou Zoo were separated into male,female and gynandry groups.256 fecal samples were collected from April to June and October to December in 2022 and 2023,estradiol(E_(2))and testosterone(T)levels in their fecal samples were tested using enzyme linked immunoassay(ELISA),and the mass fraction ratio of E_(2) to T(E_(2)/T)was calculated.The contents of E_(2),T and E_(2)/T in male,female and gynandry groups were statistically analyzed respectively.The results show that during the breeding season and non-breeding season,the E_(2) and E_(2)/T value of the male and female groups were sig⁃nificantly different(P<0.01),T values showed significant difference(P<0.05);there were significant differences in E_(2) and E_(2)/T values between the female and gynandry groups(P<0.01),but the T value had no significant difference;there were no significant differences in E_(2),T and E_(2)/T values between the gynandry and male groups.The average E_(2) and E_(2)/T values of the female group were significantly higher than the gynandry group(P<0.01)in the breeding season and nonbreeding season respectively;the average E_(2)/T values of the gynandry and male groups were less than 1 during the breed⁃ing season and non-breeding season.The results show that the decrease in E_(2) and E_(2)/T levels was the reason which stop the females to lay eggs,and change the feather color to male after molting.By detecting the values of E_(2) and T during the breeding season or non-breeding season,the individuals which have the mean E_(2)/T values less than 1,laid eggs in the previous

关 键 词：蓝腹鹇 圈养 雌鸟雄化 雌二醇 睾酮 性别鉴定 

分 类 号：Q492[生物学—生理学]