基于微卫星分析黑龙江省南部小飞鼠种群的遗传多样性  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Siberian Flying Squirrel Populations in Southern Heilongjiang Province Based on Microsatellite Markers

作　　者：田新民[1] 孟訾靖 白小珍 石兰英[1] TIAN Xinmin;MENG Zijing;BAI Xiaozhen;SHI Lanying(College of Life Science and Technology,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang,157011,China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,牡丹江157011

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期200-206,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(1453ZD021);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022C101)。

摘　　要：小飞鼠(Pteromys volans)为树栖夜行滑行类啮齿动物,过去不合理的森林采伐已导致其生存受到一定威胁,亟需对其种群的遗传变化,特别是遗传多样性和近交衰退等种群遗传信息开展进一步评价,增强保护与管理的针对性。利用微卫星分子标记对黑龙江省南部4个小飞鼠种群进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示:8个微卫星位点检测出种群平均等位基因数为12.9(12.0~14.4)个,有效等位基因数为8.6(8.1~8.8)个,观测杂合度为0.887(0.832~0.925),期望杂合度为0.872(0.865~0.876),近交系数为-0.018(-0.066~0.046)。结果表明:小飞鼠种群遗传多样性丰富,其中,苇河种群遗传多样性最高,穆棱种群次之,方正和宾县种群较低。种群历史数量的下降与分布区的隔离影响着各局域种群的遗传多样性格局。种群内高比例的稀有等位基因显示,未来小飞鼠种群存在遗传多样性下降的风险。检测到近期方正和宾县种群存在遗传瓶颈效应与近亲繁殖情况。建议加大对小飞鼠的关注和保护力度,开展栖息地修复和生态廊道构建,从而实现该物种的种群增长与扩散。The Siberian flying squirrel(Pteromys volans)is an arboreal,nocturnal and gliding rodent.Due to irrational for⁃est logging,its survival has been threatened.It is an urgent need to further evaluate the genetic changes of the population,especially the genetic diversity and inbreeding decline,so as to enhance the pertinence of conservation and management.We used microsatellite markers,to conduct genetic diversity analyses of four Siberian flying squirrel populations in southern Heilongjiang Province.Based on eight microsatellite loci,we found that the mean number of alleles was 12.9(12.0–14.4),the effective number of alleles was 8.6(8.1–8.8),the average observed heterozygosity was 0.887(0.832–0.925),the av⁃erage expected heterozygosity was 0.872(0.865–0.876),and the inbreeding coefficient was−0.018(−0.066 to 0.046)in the populations.Our results indicated a high level of genetic diversity in the Siberian flying squirrel populations,among which the Weihe population was the highest,followed by the Muling population,and the Fangzheng and Binxian popula⁃tions were relatively low.The population decline and isolation of distribution area affected the genetic diversity pattern of the four local populations.The high proportion of rare alleles suggested a risk of decreasing genetic diversity in the future.Re⁃cent genetic bottleneck effect and inbreeding were detected in Fangzheng and Binxian populations.It is suggested that con⁃servation efforts for Siberian flying squirrels should be put,and habitat restoration and ecological corridor construction should be carried out in the field,so as to improve the gene exchange between individuals and accelerate the population restoration.

关 键 词：小飞鼠 微卫星 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]