城乡金腰燕和家燕营巢特征比较研究  

A Comparative Study of Nesting Characteristics of Urban and Rural Red-rumped Swallow and Barn Swallow

作　　者：续萧远 李开颜 王海涛[1,2] XU Xiaoyuan;LI Kaiyan;WANG Haitao(Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics,School of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130024,China;Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130024,China;Fusong No.1 High School,Fusong,134500,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省鸟类生态与保护遗传工程实验室,东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春130024 [2]吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,东北师范大学,长春130024 [3]抚松县第一中学,抚松134500

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期213-219,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1304600)。

摘　　要：城市化进程的快速发展已对全球生物多样性产生重要影响。鸟类作为生态系统的重要组成部分,受城市化影响较为严重,由于其自身生活史特征不同而对城市化具有不同适应能力。家燕(Hirundo rustica)和金腰燕(Cecropis daurica)与人类活动密切关联,可能更易受到城市化进程影响,2024年5—6月,在吉林省抚松县及其周边3个乡镇共调查175巢金腰燕和家燕的营巢特征,利用Pearson卡方检验、t检验和U检验比较分析二者城乡营巢特征差异。结果发现,2种燕科(Hirundinidae)鸟类城乡间营巢特征均存在显著差异:(1)金腰燕巢相较于家燕巢距离地面更高(P<0.01);(2)家燕巢所在建筑物表面相较于金腰燕巢更加粗糙(P<0.01),乡镇地区家燕巢所在建筑物表面比县城地区更粗糙(P=0.03);(3)金腰燕巢上方遮蔽物长度小于家燕(P<0.01),且在县城地区巢上方遮蔽物长度大于乡镇地区(P<0.01)。根据研究结果推测,城乡建筑物类型、捕食压力和人类干扰程度以及2种燕科鸟类巢结构的不同是导致城乡金腰燕和家燕营巢特征差异的主要原因。考虑到城市化进程的加剧,未来应进行持续评估,并采取相应保护措施,以防止未来巢址资源减少对2种燕科鸟类造成不利影响。The rapid development of urbanization has had a significant impact on global biodiversity.Birds,as an impor⁃tant part of the ecosystem,are severely affected by urbanization,and they have different adaptability to urbanization due to their distinct life history characteristics.The barn swallow(Hirundo rustica)and the red-rumped swallow(Cecropis daurica)are closely related to human activity and may be more susceptible to the impact of urbanization,but there is relatively little researches on this.In May-June 2024,a survey was conducted on the nesting characteristics of 175 nests of red-rumped swallows and barn swallows in Fusong County,Jilin Province,and three surrounding townships.The differences in nesting characteristics between urban and rural barn swallows and red-rumped swallows were analyzed and compared using Pear⁃son Chi-square test,t test and the U test.The results revealed significant differences in nesting characteristics between the two species of swallows in urban and rural areas:(1)Red-rumped swallow nests were significantly higher from the ground compared to barn swallow nests(P<0.01).(2)The surface of buildings where barn swallow nests were located was sig⁃nificantly rougher than that of red-rumped swallow nests(P<0.01),and the surface in rural areas was significantly rougher than in county towns(P=0.03).(3)The length of the shelter above the nests of red-rumped swallows was significantly shorter than that of barn swallows(P<0.01),and in county towns,the shelter length was significantly greater than in rural areas(P<0.01).Based on the research findings,it is speculated that the differences in building types between urban and rural areas,predation pressure,human disturbance levels,and the different nest structures of the two species of swallows are the main reasons for the differences in nesting characteristics.Considering the intensification of the urbanization pro⁃cess,continuous assessment should be carried out in the future,and corresponding protective measures should be taken to prevent

关 键 词：金腰燕 家燕 营巢特征 城市化 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]