贵州铜仁发现砂鳖  

Pelodiscus axenaria Discovered in Tongren City,Guizhou Province

作　　者：徐宇浩 陈梦词 张天佑 龚宴安 黄松 彭丽芳 XU Yuhao;CHEN Mengci;ZHANG Tianyou;GONG Yan’an;HUANG Song;PENG Lifang(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining,810016,China;School of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,230036,China;The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin,College of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,241000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036 [3]皖江流域生物多样性保护与生态安全安徽省重点实验室,安徽师范大学生命科学学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2025年第1期220-227,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：青海省科技计划青年项目(2024-ZJ-965);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32301325)。

摘　　要：砂鳖[Pelodiscus axenaria(Zhou,Zhang&Fang,1991)],是周工健等(1991)依据湖南标本描述的鳖属(Pelodiscus)物种。砂鳖个体较小,常栖于水质清澈的砂砾石底质的江河上游和宽阔溪流中。由于电捕、挖掘河沙、修建护岸、开垦滩涂、水质污染和食物短缺等原因,砂鳖数量锐减,2016年《中国脊椎动物红色名录》将其列为濒危等级。目前仅湖南、广东和广西有分布记录。2024年3月,在贵州省铜仁市碧江区采集到2号鳖属物种标本。基于线粒体Cyt b基因片段构建最大似然树表明,采自贵州铜仁的样本与湖南、广东和广西的砂鳖样本聚为一支,遗传距离为1.1%~2.5%。综合形态学和分子系统发育分析,确定采集到的标本为砂鳖,系贵州省爬行类新纪录种。砂鳖在贵州省铜仁市的发现,拓宽了砂鳖分布的西限,对其地理分布、基础生物学和遗传多样性研究具有重要意义。In 1991,Pelodiscus axenaria was firstly reported as a new species by Zhou et al.in Hunan Province.P.axe⁃naria is a small individual and inhabits in the upper reaches of rivers and wide streams with clear gravel bottoms.Its popula⁃tion decreased sharply due to electric fishing,river sand mining,revetment reconstruction,tidelands reclaiming,water pol⁃lution,and food shortage.P.axenaria was listed in the 2016 Red List of China’s Vertebrates as endangered.Historical re⁃cords show that P.axenaria was found only in Hunan Province,Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re⁃gion,China.In March 2024,we collected two adult male specimens of genus Pelodiscus from Tongren City,Guizhou Prov⁃ince.The maximum likelihood tree constructed based on cytochrome b(Cyt b)gene fragment showed that the specimens collected from Tongren,Guizhou were clustered with the specimens from Hunan,Guangdong,and Guangxi,with a ge⁃netic distance of 1.1%–2.5%.Through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis,the collected specimens were identified as P.axenaria,which is new record of reptiles in Guizhou Province.The discovery of P.axenaria in Tongren City,Guizhou Province extended the western limit the distribution area of this species,which is of great significance to study its geographical distribution,basic biology and genetic diversity.

关 键 词：新纪录 铜仁市 砂鳖 鳖属 

分 类 号：Q958.2[生物学—动物学]