旱地穴盘苗移栽机取苗机构研究现状  

Research status on seedling picking‑up mechanism of dryland hole tray seedling transplanting machine

作　　者：任朝阳 胡敏娟 严伟 李坤 Ren Zhaoyang;Hu Minjuan;Yan Wei;Li Kun(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第2期41-47,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家甘薯产业技术体系——种植机械化岗位(CARS—10—GW19)。

摘　　要：取苗机构是蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机由半自动向全自动转化的核心工作部件,决定着移栽效率和质量。通过研究国内外取苗传动机构和取苗机构夹取方式来阐述取苗机构的发展现状,并从工作效率、成本、结构、作业效果等方面进行客观评价。将取苗机构整体分为传动机构和执行机构,按传动机构可分为往复式杆件机构,回转式非圆齿轮传动机构和电、气、液等的智能化取苗装置;按执行机构夹取方式的不同分为夹钵式、夹茎式和顶出式。指出现有取苗机构易对钵苗造成损伤、效率低、适应性差等问题,从智能化发展方向、多功能化设计和环节节能、数据化管理和和智能化调节、农机农艺融合和全自动化发展等方面提出解决措施与旱地穴盘苗移栽机取苗机构的发展趋势。Seedling picking mechanism is the core working part of automatic transplanting machine of vegetable potting seedling from semi-automatic to full-automatic,which determines the efficiency and quality of transplanting.This research elaborates the development status of seedling picking mechanism by studying the domestic and foreign seedling picking transmission mechanism and seedling picking mechanism clamping method,and objectively evaluates the working efficiency,cost,structure,operational effect and other aspects.The seedling extraction mechanism is divided into transmission mechanism and actuator,according to the transmission mechanism,it can be divided into reciprocating rod mechanism,rotary non-circular gear transmission mechanism and electric,gas,liquid combination of intelligent seedling extraction device.According to the different clamping methods of the actuator,it can be divided into clamping bowl type,clamping stem type and ejector type.It pointed out that the existing seedling taking mechanism is easy to cause damage to pot seedlings,low efficiency,poor adaptability and other problems,and put forward the solution measures and the development trend of the seedling taking mechanism from the aspects of intelligent development direction,multi-functional design,environmental protection and energy saving,data management and intelligent regulation,agricultural machinery and agronomic integration and full automation development.

关 键 词：旱地穴盘苗 取苗机构 智能化 蔬菜 移栽机 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]