光学遥感技术在农情监测中的应用与展望  

Application and prospect of optical remote sensing technology in agricultural monitoring

作　　者：宁岸 任淼淼 蒋杉[1] 余龙宝[1] 王燕飞 张帅 Ning An;Ren Miaomiao;Jiang Shan;Yu Longbao;Wang Yanfei;Zhang Shuai(Anhui Universities Joint Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Science and Technology,Hefei NormalUniversity,Hefei,230601,China;Hefei CAS GBo‑Qua.Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei,230061,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥师范学院光电探测科学与技术安徽高校联合重点实验室,合肥市230601 [2]合肥中科光博量子科技有限公司,合肥市230061

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第2期199-206,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1901005);作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金(NELCOF20210101);安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(2023AH051290)。

摘　　要：光学遥感技术是“生态—环境—资源”领域的新兴研究手段之一,具有实时性好、覆盖面积大、获取成本低等优势,正朝着高精度、高时空分辨率和高光谱分辨率的方向发展。近年来,我国农业遥感领域的研究与应用取得长足进步,在核心技术上不断突破壁垒,逐渐实现农情数据的自主可控。介绍国内外农业遥感技术的发展现状,针对作物遗传育种、田间管理和产量预测的应用需求,分析在植物表型、生物量和农田小气候模型等方面开展遥感监测的必要性,归纳和总结近15年来基于4种关键光学定量遥感技术(激光雷达技术、光谱分析技术、红外成像技术和可见光检测技术)的农情监测应用与研究,并对其中存在的精度、效率、成本等问题进行分析。提出目前农业遥感技术亟需提高、农业遥感应用网络建设不完善、农业遥感数据利用不充分等问题,以及提高遥感核心技术水平和遥感数据利用率,完善农业遥感应用网络建设,拓宽农业遥感应用场景等发展趋势。Optical remote sensing technology is one of the emerging research methods in the field of“ecology,environment and resources”,with the advantages of good real-time,large coverage area and low acquisition cost.It is heading towards the direction of high precision,high spatio-temporal resolution and high spectral resolution.In recent years,China has made great progress in the field of research and application of agricultural remote sensing,and has continuously broken through the barriers in the core technology,and has gradually realized the autonomous control of agricultural data.First of all,the development status of agricultural remote sensing technology at home and abroad was introduced.Then,the necessity of remote sensing monitoring in plant phenotype,biomass and farmland microclimate model was analyzed according to the application requirements of genetic breeding,field management and grain production prediction.At last,the application and research of agricultural monitoring based on the four key optical quantitative remote sensing technologies(laser radar technology,spectral analysis technology,infrared imaging technology and visible light detection technology)in the past 15 years was summarized and analyzed,and the existing problems such as accuracy,efficiency and cost were also analyzed.It is pointed out that there exist issues such as the urgent need to improve agricultural remote sensing technology,the incomplete construction of the agricultural remote sensing application network,and the insufficient utilization of agricultural remote sensing data at present.It can be proposed that improving the level of remote sensing technology,enhancing the utilization rate of remote sensing data,completing the construction of agricultural remote sensing application network,broadening the application scenarios of agricultural remote sensing.

关 键 词：智慧农业 遥感技术 农情监测 光电技术 发展趋势 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]