铝合金框梁零件加工变形仿真与预变形装夹技术  

Machining Deformation Simulation and Pre-deformation Clamp Technique for Aluminum Alloy Frame-beam Parts

作　　者：黄康华 谢雨良 徐志鹏 周文萌 龚汉民 李思觅 张建富[4] 梁桂强 冯平法 冯峰[2] HUANG Kanghua;XIE Yuliang;XU Zhipeng;ZHOU Wenmeng;GONG Hanmin;LI Simi;ZHANG Jianfu;LIANG Guiqiang;FENG Pingfa;FENG Feng(Changhe Aircraft Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Jingdezhen 333000,Jiangxi,China;Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan 523808,Guangdong,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Linghang Kegong Education Science and Technology Company,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,江西景德镇333000 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055 [3]东莞理工学院机械工程学院,广东东莞523808 [4]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084 [5]北京领航科工教育科技有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2025年第1期92-99,共8页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52275441);深圳市科技计划(KJZD20230923114606013)。

摘　　要：铝合金框梁薄壁零件被广泛应用于航空航天领域,然而在机械加工过程中该类零件往往出现严重变形,铝合金毛坯的初始残余应力是导致加工变形最主要的因素。本研究以典型单面三框零件为研究对象,并以“生死单元”的方式开展了加工变形有限元仿真,提出了以预变形装夹方法为核心的加工变形控制方法,设计了适用于典型单面三框零件的装夹布局,开展了加工变形控制方法的有效性验证。实验结果表明,相对于传统的真空吸盘装夹方式,本研究提出的预变形装夹方式能够在最大变形量和平面度两个指标方面分别实现66.5%和55.8%的优化。The frame-beam thin-wall parts of aluminium alloy are widely used in the aerospace engineering.However,such parts often come into significant deformation in the machining.The initial residual stress in the aluminium alloy blank is identified as the most critical factor influencing the machining deformation.In this study,a typical single-sided three-frame part was investigated.The simulation by using"model change"approach was carried out.A deformation control method based on pre-deformation clamp was proposed,and the clamp layout for typical single-sided three-frame parts was designed.The verification of its effectiveness in preventing deformation was conducted,and the experimental results demonstrated that comparing with traditional vacuum fixture,the pre-deformation clamp method achieved the improvements by 66.5%and 55.8%in the maximum deformation and flatness,respectively.

关 键 词：机械加工 变形仿真 预变形装夹 薄壁零件 

分 类 号：TG759[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具]