山桐子种子休眠解除及萌发过程中解剖结构分析  

Study on the Anatomical Structure of Idesia polycarpa Seeds During Dormancy Release and Germination Process

作　　者：尚铁军 王姝 张梦醒 代莉[2] 刘震[2] 李志 张小雪 王艳梅[2] SHANG Tiejun;WANG Shu;ZHANG Mengxing;DAI Li;LIU Zhen;LI Zhi;ZHANG Xiaoxue;WANG Yanmei(He'nan Provincial Forestry Resources Monitoring Institute,Zhengzhou 450045,China;College of Forestry,He'nan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省林业资源监测院,郑州450045 [2]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《种子》2025年第1期140-146,共7页Seed

基　　金：2024年河南省级科技研发计划联合基金(应用攻关类):山桐子对高温胁迫的响应及其调控技术研究(242103810016)。

摘　　要：为探究温度对山桐子种子休眠解除和萌发过程中细胞组织结构的影响,以山桐子果实为材料,测定山桐子果实及种子表型性状,并对种子进行不同时间的低温(5℃)处理,选取处理60 d的种子在恒温(25℃)及变温(15℃12 h/25℃12 h)条件下培养,采用石蜡切片技术结合植物番红固绿和甲基红-苯胺蓝染色法,观察山桐子种子在休眠解除及萌发过程中的解剖结构变化及内含物质消化情况。结果表明,单串果穗鲜重和单穗果实个数的变异系数较大,果实横径、纵径及种子长轴、横轴的变异系数均较小,山桐子单果性状遗传稳定;在5℃低温解除休眠过程中,随着处理时间的延长,胚芽、胚轴、胚根及子叶位置和轮廓不能辨别,胚与胚乳之间的空隙逐渐减小,胚乳细胞解体,其细胞中糊粉粒数量逐渐减少;在变温处理下,第6天种皮开始开裂,在开裂阶段种子急剧吸水,胚、胚乳及子叶间的空隙被填满;第12天种子开始露白,在露白阶段胚轴和胚根处分化出表皮、皮层和维管束,胚根伸长生长,根尖突破胚乳与种皮,同时种子开裂期填充满的空隙再次出现;第14天种子根尖伸长区细胞分裂旺盛、胚根进一步伸长,胚乳中糊粉粒在种子萌发时不断被分解消耗,为其提供营养物质与能量,子叶伸长生长把胚轴推出胚乳。研究表明,5℃低温处理促进胚乳中蛋白质分解,有利于山桐子种胚后熟,解除种子休眠;变温处理有效促进胚伸长。In order to explore the effect of temperature on cell structure during dormancy release and germination of Idesia polycarpa seeds,Idesia polycarpa fruit was used as material to determine the phenotype of Idesia polycarpa fruit and seeds,and seeds were treated at low temperature at 5℃at different times.Seeds treated for 60 days were cultured at constant temperature at 25℃and at variable temperature with 15℃for 12 hours or 25℃for 12 hours.The changes of the anatomical structure and the digestion of the inclusion substance contents of Idesia polycarpa seeds during dormancy release and germination were observed by using the combination of plant saffron solid green and methyl red aniline blue staining.The results showed that the variation coefficients of fresh weight per ear and number of fruits per ear in a single cluster were larger,the variation coefficients of transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of fruits and long axis and horizontal axis of seeds were smaller,and the genetic stability of single fruit traits of Idesia polycarpa was stable.In the process of dormancy removal at 5℃,with the extension of treatment time,the position and contour of germ,cotyledon,embryo,radicle and cotyledon could not be distinguished,the space between embryo and endosperm gradually decreased,endosperm cells discombined,and the number of aleurone granules in the cells gradually decreased.The seed coat began to crack on the 6th day of variable temperature treatment,and the gap between embryo,endosperm and cotyledon was filled in the cracking stage.On the 12th day,the seeds began to appear white,and epidermis,cortex and vascular bundle differentiated at the cotyl and radicle,the radicle extended and grew,the root tip broke through the endosperm and seed coat,and the gap filled at the seed cracking stage appeared again.On the 14 th day,the cell division in the extended area of the root tip of the seed was vigorous,and the radicle was further extended.Aleurone granules in the endosperm were continuously decomposed and co

关 键 词：山桐子 休眠解除 种子萌发 解剖结构 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]