自然口语对话中的“还是”  

Haishi还是in Naturally Occurring Conversation

作　　者：方梅[1] FANG Mei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学/中国社会科学院语言研究所,100372

出　　处：《汉语学报》2025年第1期2-14,共13页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“汉语自然口语对话的互动语言学研究”(编号:20&ZD295)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自然口语对话中,由“还是”构成的选择问句有多种形式,由“还是”系连的并列项不仅在结构上会呈现出不对称性,其功能也呈现出多样性。虽然“或者”与“还是”在书面语中的差异或许体现为“标准析取并列”与“疑问析取并列”的对立,但是在自然口语对话中,用于追加信息时,这种对立有可能被中和;而出现于回应话轮之首的“或者”,用于提出建议,即便采用疑问句法,也不能被“还是”替换。当“还是”位于话轮末形成不完整话轮或单独用作一个话轮时,原有的句法功能弱化、语义被漂白,仅体现言者的互动意图。它作为特定互动行为的载体,具有位置敏感性。“疑问析取并列”不能完全概括“还是”的用法,但能为理解“还是”的功能扩展路径提供可能的解释。In naturally occurring conversation alternative questions formed with haishi还是exhibit multiple forms.The coordinated elements connected with haishi not only show structural asymmetry,but also functional versatility.Although the difference between suiran虽然and haishi in written language could be characterized as the distinction between“standard-disjunctive coordination”and“interrogative-disjunctive coordination”,this distinction can become neutralized when they are used to provide additional information in naturally occurring conversation.Huozhe或者in turn-initial position serves to make a suggestion,and cannot be replaced by haishi,even within the interrogative syntactic environment.When haishi occurs in a turn-final position,forming an incomplete turn,or constituting an independent turn,its original syntactic functions are weakened,and its meaning becomes bleached.In such cases,it serves as a vehicle for interactional actions,primarily reflecting the speaker’s interactional intention and displaying positional sensitivity.The concept of“interrogative-disjunctive coordination”,while cannot fully account for the usages of haishi,can offer possible explanations for its functional expansions in natural conversation.

关 键 词：自然口语对话 “还是” “或者” 疑问析取并列 互动行为 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]