转折手段的显性、隐性之分及转化关系——从副词“可惜”的转折功能说起  

Distinction Between Overt and Covert Adversative Words and Their Conversion:Starting from the Adversative Function of the Adverb Kexi可惜

作　　者：蔺伟[1] LIN Wei

机构地区：[1]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,315211

出　　处：《汉语学报》2025年第1期69-77,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“人工智能和类型学视角下汉语指称系统的建构模式研究”(编号:22BYY081);浙江省省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“交互和动态视角下转折关系的形成机理研究”(编号:SJWZ2024005)的支持。

摘　　要：文章考察副词“可惜”转折功能的性质与发展趋势,在此基础上论述汉语转折手段的显性、隐性之分及其间的转化关系。副词“可惜”处在一个多种功能交织并存的状态,转折是依附于其评注功能的一种兼职功能。当下“可惜”已显现出一定的连词化倾向,这表现在评注性淡化、转折关系类型扩展和言者指向弱化等方面。据此,文章认为汉语转折关系的表征手段可依据专职/兼职分为显性转折词(语)和隐性转折词(语),在适宜条件下隐性转折词(语)会向显性转折词(语)转化,而“无标化”是其发生转化的根本动因。This paper analyzes the property and development trend of the adversative function of the adverb kexi可惜,and discusses the differences between overt and covert adversative words and their conversion.Kexi in modern Chinese is multi-functional,and its adversative function is affiliated with its evaluating function.At present,kexi manifests a tendency of conjunctionalization,which is characterized mainly by the weakening of the evaluating function,the expansion of the type of adversative relation,the weakening of the orientation to the speaker,etc.Accordingly,the paper holds that lexical means of adversative relation in Chinese can be realized by overt and covert adversative words,depending on whether the function is specialized or not.Under suitable conditions the latter may convert into the former,and the conversion is basically motivated by demarking.

关 键 词：“可惜” 隐性转折 反预期 标记性 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]