海盐方言的类指  

Generic Expressions in Haiyan Dialect

作　　者：张薇[1] ZHANG Wei

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,311121

出　　处：《汉语学报》2025年第1期90-97,共8页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金“基于两代有声数据库建设的海盐方言变异与变化研究”(编号:23BYY060)资助。

摘　　要：海盐方言有三种类指形式:光杆普通名词、“个NP”和“告NP”。其中,光杆普通名词为无标记类指形式。“个NP”和“告NP”在词层面上具有定指和类指两种性质;在句层面受到句法、语义条件的严格制约,在两种情况下会表现出类指性质:①当句子是“属性谓语”,即小句为惯常体述谓语或者形容词谓语,不体现事件过程,具有评价性时;②该结构在句子中有相当于“这种+上位词”结构强化时。且由于海盐方言中“个”的语法化程度远高于“告”,“个NP”优先于“告NP”在句子中用作类指。因此,海盐方言中三个类指形式是有层级性的:光杆普通名词>个NP>告NP。There are three forms of generic reference in Haiyan dialect:Bare NP,ge个NP and gao告NP.Bare NP is the unmarked generic reference,and ge NP and gao NP can both be used as the definite reference and the generic reference on the lexical level.On the syntactic level,the syntactic and semantic conditions will restrict the performance of ge NP and gao NP,and they will be used as the generic reference under the following two conditions.Firstly,the clause has an attribute predicate,that is,the predicate is habitual aspect or an adjective,and it shows an evaluative feature but not the event process.Secondly,the clause is strengthened by a structure as“zhezhong(这种)+a hypernym”.The grammaticalization degree of ge is higher than that of gao.As a result,ge NP is preferred over gao NP on the usage of being generic reference.Consequently,it can be concluded that there exists a hierarchy of generic expressions in Haiyan dialect:Bare NP>ge NP>gao NP.

关 键 词：海盐方言 类指 语法化 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]