扬雄《方言》“屑,洁也”再考  

A Reinvestigation into Xie,jie ye.屑,洁也in Yang Xiong’s Dialect

作　　者：董志翘[1] DONG Zhiqiao

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,210097

出　　处：《汉语学报》2025年第1期111-119,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“中古汉语虚词研究及中古汉语虚词词典编撰”(编号:18AYY020)的资助。

摘　　要：扬雄《方言》卷三有“屑,洁也。(郭璞注:谓清洁也,音薛)”一条。以往的训诂家均以“《诗·邶风》:‘不我屑以。’《鄘风》:‘不屑髢也。’毛传并云:‘屑,絜也。’洁(潔)、絜古通用”为证。其实,这是对毛传的一个很大的误解。这里的“屑”是个方言记音词,并非“屑”可以引申出“清洁”之义。实际上,古代此词常用的记录形式是“雪”(“雪”有“擦拭”“清洗”义),而且根据《方言》一书体例,卷三“屑,洁也”条前后各条训释的都是动词性词语,所以此“屑,洁也(雪,洁也)”也应是动词“清洗”“清除”之义。同时,古文献中大量并列式同义(表“擦拭”“清洗”“清除”义)双音词中,“雪”“洁”作为构词词素往往同位互出,如“洗屑”“洗雪”“洗洁”、“澡雪”“澡洁”、“雪拭”“洁拭”、“雪除”“洁除”。而“雪”“拭”“刷”乃一声之转,为同源词也。There is an entry in Volume III of Yang Xiong’s Dialect:Xie,jie ye.屑,洁也(Guo Pu’s annotation to it is“It means‘clean’,and pronounced as xue(薛)”).Previous exegetists all take the following as evidence:“Buwoxieyi.不我屑以”in Beifeng of The Book of Songs,“Buxiediye.不屑髢也”in Yongfeng of The Book of Songs,and Mao Heng’s note“Xie,xie ye.屑,絜也Jie(洁and潔)equates with xie絜in ancient times.”Actually,they have mistaken Mao Heng’s note.Xie屑here is a character noting down the dialectal pronunciation,and cannot be extended to mean“clean”.In fact,the common character for this word is xue雪in ancient times(xue雪means“wipe”and“clean”),and according to the style of Dialect by Yang Xiong,the entries before and after Xie,jie ye.are verbs in Volume III.So,this Xie,jie ye.(Xue,jie ye.雪,洁也)should also be a verb meaning“wash”and“clean”.Meanwhile,there are many disyllabic words formed with coordinate synonymous characters in ancient texts meaning“wipe”,“clean”or“clear”,in which xue雪and jie洁are derivational morphemes that can appear in the same place,such as xixie洗屑,xixue洗雪,xijie洗洁;zaoxue澡雪,zaojie澡洁;xueshi雪拭,jieshi洁拭;and xuechu雪除,jiechu洁除.Besides,xue雪,shi拭and shua刷share the same initial,and they are cognates.

关 键 词：屑 雪 刷 同源 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]