VPPAW背面匙孔状态正面检测技术  

Front-side monitoring technology for back-side keyhole state in VPPAW

作　　者：蒋凡[1] 房世童 张国凯 陈树君[1] 李天明 徐斌[1] JIANG Fan;FANG Shitong;ZHANG Guokai;CHEN Shujun;LI Tianming;XU Bin(Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive Components,Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing,100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学,汽车结构部件先进制造技术教育部工程研究中心,北京100124

出　　处：《焊接学报》2025年第1期8-14,共7页Transactions of The China Welding Institution

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB 3407701)。

摘　　要：变极性等离子弧焊接(variable polarity plasma arc welding,VPPAW)过程中匙孔状态,特别是背面匙孔状态是决定焊缝成形质量的核心要素.在实际焊接过程中,背面放置传感器检测匙孔状态存在难度.文中提出了一种基于匙孔前壁面反光的等离子弧焊接背面匙孔正面检测方法.在合适的拍摄角度下,该方法可以同时获得正面匙孔图像和背面匙孔在前壁面的反光成像.通过不同焊接电流下的工艺试验,建立了焊接质量与匙孔反光形态的联系.随着焊接电流的增大,检测到的前壁面匙孔图像位置逐渐向上偏移.焊接出现切割时,背面匙孔反光形态消失;干扰稳定焊接状态,背面匙孔反光形态同时发生改变.匙孔稳定与否与焊接状态稳定直接关联.背面匙孔在前壁面的反光成像状态受焊接状态和熔池状态影响.为等离子焊接正面检测焊接质量提供了指导意义.In the process of variable polarity plasma arc welding(VPPAW),the state of the keyhole,particularly the back-side keyhole,was a critical factor influencing the weld formation quality.However,in practical welding operations,monitoring the keyhole state from the backside with sensors presented significant challenges.Therefore,this paper proposed a method for detecting the back-side keyhole on the front view using plasma arc welding based on the reflection from the front wall of the molten pool.With appropriate shooting angles,this method could simultaneously capture both the front-side keyhole images and the reflected shape of the back-side keyhole on the front wall.The relationship between the welding quality and the reflective shape of the keyhole was established through experiments at different welding currents.With the increase of welding current,the position of the detected keyhole image on the front wall was gradually shifted upward.When the weld appeared to be cut,the reflective shape of the keyhole on the back disappeared;when the stable weld state was disturbed,the reflective shape of the keyhole on the back changed at the same time.The stability of the keyhole was directly related to the stability of the welding states.The reflective shape of the backside keyhole on the front wall was affected by the welding state and the molten pool state.This provided important guidance for establishing the correlation between the reflective shape of the keyhole on the back and the welding quality.

关 键 词：等离子弧焊接 匙孔 焊接质量 反光 

分 类 号：TG444[金属学及工艺—焊接]