动力电池用铝/铜异种金属红外—蓝激光复合焊接试验  

Experiment welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals with infrared-blue hybrid laser welding for power battery

作　　者：张宇轩 张明军[1,2,3] 李河清[1,2] 张健 程波[1,2] 毛聪[1,2] 成双银[3] ZHANG Yuxuan;ZHANG Mingjun;LI Heqing;ZHANG Jian;CHENG Bo;MAO Cong;CHENG Shuangyin(College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha,410114,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for High-performance Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha,410114,China;Changsha Niumi Drive Technology Co.,Ltd.Changsha,410221,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学,汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学,机械装备高性能智能制造关键技术湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]长沙牛米驱动科技有限公司,长沙410221

出　　处：《焊接学报》2025年第1期87-94,共8页Transactions of The China Welding Institution

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875050);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22A0600);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2202197,kq2208226)。

摘　　要：针对铝/铜搭接焊接的技术难点,提出了一种红外—蓝激光复合焊接新工艺.对厚度为1 mm的5052铝合金和T2紫铜搭接接头进行焊接试验,研究了不同蓝激光功率对接头焊缝成形、显微组织以和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,在0~500 W的蓝激光功率范围内,红外—蓝激光复合焊可以有效减缓下方铜板的铜元素向上方铝板的对流扩散,而进一步增大蓝激光功率则会导致激光总功率增加,发生过焊现象,进而生成更多脆性Al-Cu金属间化合物(intermetallic compound,IMC).在接头界面层,沿着铜侧到铝侧方向依次生成γ2-Al4Cu9相、AlCu相、θ-Al_(2)Cu相、α-Al+Al_(2)Cu共晶组织和Al/Cu共晶组织,其中,Al_(2)Cu相是接头界面层中的主要IMC相.当红外激光功率为1050 W,蓝激光功率为300 W时,接头抗剪切力达到最大值795.51 N,断裂发生在铝侧热影响区(heat affected zone,HAZ)处,呈韧性断裂模式.Aiming at the technical difficulties of laser overlap welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals,a new infrared-blue hybrid laser welding process was proposed.Laser welding of the overlap joints of 5052 aluminum alloy and T2 copper with thickness of 1 mm was carried out.The effects of different blue laser powers on the weld appearance,microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated.The results showed that the convection diffusion of copper elements from the lower copper plate to the upper aluminum plate could be weakened by using infrared-blue laser hybrid welding process with a blue laser power in the range of 0~500 W.With the increase of blue laser power,the mixing degree of molten copper and aluminum was increased,resulting in more brittle Al-Cu intermetallic compound(IMC)phases.Generates the following phases in the order from the copper side to the aluminum side,γ2-Al4Cu9,AlCu,θ-Al_(2)Cu,α-Al+Al_(2)Cu eutectic structure and Al/Cu eutectic structure.Among these,Al_(2)Cu was the primary IMC phase at the interface layer of the joints.When the infrared laser power was 1050 W and the blue laser power was 300 W,the shear resistance of the joint reached up to 795.51 N.The joint was broken at the heat affected zone(HAZ)of the upper aluminum plate with a ductile fracture mode.

关 键 词：激光焊接 铝/铜异种金属 红外—蓝激光复合焊 金属间化合物 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]