中心通气对窄间隙TIG焊缝成形的影响  

Influence of central ventilation on the formation of narrow gap TIG welds

作　　者：徐望辉 贾兴华 赵荣泽 余陈 郭春富 杨晨 XU Wanghui;JIA Xinghua;ZHAO Rongze;YU Chen;GUO Chunfu;YANG Chen(School of intelligent manufacturing,Guangzhou Maritime University,Guangzhou,510700,China;State Key Laboratory of High-end Heavy-load Robots,GD Midea Holding Co.,Ltd,Foshan,528311,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang,110870,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Welding Technology in Guangdong Province:Chinakraine Institute of Welding,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou,510650,China)

机构地区：[1]广州航海学院,智能制造学院,广州510700 [2]广东美的电器有限公司,高端重载机器人全国重点实验室,佛山528311 [3]沈阳工业大学,材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110870 [4]广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所,广东省现代焊接技术重点实验,广州510650

出　　处：《焊接学报》2025年第1期121-127,共7页Transactions of The China Welding Institution

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52005112);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2021B0101250001);广州市对外科技合作项目(201807010035);广州市科技计划项目(201604046026);高端重载机器人全国重点实验室开放课题(HHR2024010430)。

摘　　要：针对窄间隙非熔化极惰性气体保护焊(tungsten inert gas,TIG)侧壁熔合不良的问题,文中采用钨极中心通气的方式扩展焊接电弧,将电弧热量传导至坡口侧壁,以保证窄间隙坡口侧壁的充分熔合.在搭建空心钨极中心通气窄间隙焊接系统的基础上,研究了中心气流量等参数对焊缝成形尺寸和电弧形态的影响.结果表明,与实心钨极和空心钨极相比,空心钨极中心通气方法获得的窄间隙焊缝熔宽及侧壁熔深增大,在同样参数下实心钨极焊缝熔宽为9.32 mm,空心钨极不通气时获得的熔宽为9.91 mm,而中心通气后其熔宽增加到11.02 mm;随着空心钨极中心气流量的增大,窄间隙焊缝熔宽和侧壁熔深增大,当气流量增大到临界值后(≥0.8 L/min),产生侧壁熔合不良缺陷.中心通入惰性气体造成电子通道转移至空心钨极外围区域,从而改善了窄间隙TIG中的侧壁熔合不良问题.In response to the problem of poor side wall fusion of narrow gap tungsten inert gas(TIG),this article adopts the method of tungsten electrode center ventilation to expand the welding arc and transfer the arc heat to the groove side wall to ensure sufficient fusion of the narrow gap groove side wall.On the basis of building a hollow tungsten electrode center ventilation narrow gap welding system,the influence of parameters such as center gas flow rate on the weld forming size and arc shape is studied.The results show that compared with solid tungsten electrodes and hollow tungsten electrodes,the narrow gap welds melting width and side wall melting depth obtained by the hollow tungsten electrode center ventilation method are increased.Under the same parameters,the solid tungsten electrode welds melting width is 9.32 mm,the hollow tungsten electrode without ventilation obtains a melting width of 9.91 mm,and the melting width increases to 11.02 mm after the center ventilation;As the gas flow rate at the center of the hollow tungsten electrode increases,the width of the narrow gap weld and the depth of the side wall melt also increase.When the gas flow rate reaches the critical value(≥0.8 L/min),a side wall incomplete fusion defect occurs.The introduction of inert gas into the center causes the electron channel to transfer to the peripheral area of the hollow tungsten electrode,thereby improving the problem of poor side wall fusion of narrow gap TIG.

关 键 词：空心钨极 中心通气 窄间隙焊接 侧壁熔合 

分 类 号：TG444[金属学及工艺—焊接]