水消毒过程中微塑料理化性质演变的研究进展  

Changes of Physicochemical Characteristics of Microplastics During Water Disinfection Processes:A Review

作　　者：张硕 张显 刘航 田晨浩 王淼 史国旗 刘超[2,3] ZHANG Shuo;ZHANG Xian;LIU Hang;TIAN Chenhao;WANG Miao;SHI Guoqi;LIU Chao(Bahe River Basin Branch of Beijing Beipai Water Environment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China;Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司坝河流域分公司,北京100024 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心饮用水科学与技术重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2025年第1期87-98,共12页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3203702);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52370019,52300019);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室(中国科学院生态环境研究中心分室)专项经费(24Z02ESPCR)。

摘　　要：水环境中的微塑料污染问题已引起了广泛关注。除了自身的毒性和生态风险,微塑料还可以作为多种污染物的载体。在水消毒过程中,消毒剂的作用会导致微塑料的理化性质改变,并释放添加剂等有毒物质。此外,微塑料理化性质的变化也会影响其对有机污染物的吸附,进而影响有机污染物的归趋转化。综述了微塑料在典型水消毒(如氯、臭氧和紫外消毒)过程中表面官能团、亲疏水性、形貌、粒径等性质的变化,并探讨了消毒后微塑料吸附有机污染物的演变机制。臭氧消毒增加了微塑料的含氧官能团,从而减弱了其表面疏水性。相反,氯化消毒增加了含氯官能团,增强了微塑料的疏水性。消毒过程可以增加微塑料的表面粗糙度,并提高其与有机污染物的作用位点。微塑料对有机污染物的吸附机制包括疏水作用、氢键作用、静电引力和π—π键堆积等。在此基础上,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments has drawn widespread attention.In addition to the toxicity and ecological risks,microplastics can act as carriers of various pollutants.In water disinfection processes,disinfectants can induce changes in the physicochemical characteristics of microplastics and cause the release of toxic additives.The characteristic changes can affect the adsorption of organic pollutants by microplastics,thereby altering the fate and transformation of these pollutants.This review summarizes variations in the functional groups,hydrophobicity,morphology,and particle size of microplastics during representative water disinfection processes(e.g.,chlorination,ozonation,and UV).The adsorption of organic pollutants onto microplastics,after disinfection,is discussed.Chlorine is reactive towards microplastics with aromatic ring,amide,and ester groups.The oxygen transfer and electrophilic substitution pathways lead to the formation of oxygen rich groups(e.g.,C=O and C—O)and chlorine-containing groups(e.g.,C—Cl).The formation of oxygen-enriched groups with high polarity decreases the hydrophobicity of microplastics,whereas the formation of chlorine-containing groups increases the surface hydrophobic.In the ozonation process,microplastics could be oxidized directly by molecular ozone or the secondarily formed OH radical.Due to the strong oxidation capacity of ozone,abundant oxygen-enriched groups,such as C=O,can be observed in ozonated microplastics,resulting in decreased hydrophobicity.The reaction between microplastics and OH radicals leads to the formation of hydroxylated groups.UV damages the functional groups of microplastics via direct photolysis or radical formation.UV can induce chain scission on chromophore-containing microplastics(e.g.,polystyrene),while microplastics without chromophore(e.g.,polyethylene)can be degraded by radical-induced oxidation.In the presence of low doses of ozone and UV irradiation,the surface roughness of microplastics decreases.However,pores and cracks could

关 键 词：微塑料 水消毒 理化性质 有机污染物 吸附 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]