极端天气冲击下应急电力支援的跨区域容量机制  

Cross-Regional Capacity Mechanism for Emergency Power Support in Extreme Weather Events

作　　者：吴梓凤 袁家海[1,2] 张健 张浩楠 WU Zifeng;YUAN Jiahai;ZHANG Jian;ZHANG Haonan(School of Economics and Management,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development(North China Electric Power University),Beijing 102206,China;Department of Economic Management,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学经济与管理学院,北京市102206 [2]新能源电力与低碳发展研究北京市重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市102206 [3]华北电力大学(保定)经济管理系,河北省保定市071003

出　　处：《电力建设》2025年第1期48-57,共10页Electric Power Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72173043);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(72303064);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023MS152)。

摘　　要：在极端天气频发冲击电力安全的背景下,加快跨区域容量机制设计是提升电力系统应急支援能力、保障供电安全的有效途径。首先,阐述了极端天气对电力系统运行的影响以及容量机制在中国的推行情况,并基于跨区域供需理论,从机制边界与规则、容量补偿价格下限与上限以及责任惩罚机制三个方面丰富了跨区域容量机制的架构设计。其次,结合新进入成本、单位装机净收益以及失负荷价值指标构建跨区域应急电力支援容量价格计算模型。然后,分场景测算极端天气发生时,在电力市场环境下煤电机组参与跨区域应急电力支援的容量补偿价格的上下限。结果发现,容量补偿价格下限占煤电机组固定成本的比例约为30%~70%,与当前我国煤电容量电价机制设定的近中期容量电价收回固定成本比例(30%~50%)基本一致;随着失负荷期望的增加,容量补偿价格上限需上调,以此发出可靠容量不足的信号。最后,提出了完善电力容量服务机制的相关建议。The increasing frequency of extreme weather events pose significant challenges to power system security.The expedited development of cross-regional capacity mechanisms has emerged as an effective strategy to improve the emergency response capabilities of power systems and ensure a reliable power supply.First,the effects of extreme weather on power systems are discussed,followed by a review of pilot implementations of capacity mechanisms across various locations in China.Based on cross-regional supply and demand theory,the architectural design of the cross-regional capacity mechanism is enhanced by incorporating three critical components:mechanism boundaries and regulations,lower and upper bounds of the capacity compensation price,and frameworks for responsibility and penalties.Subsequently,a novel cross-regional emergency power support capacity price model is developed,integrating the cost of the new entry(CONE)model,net income per unit of installed capacity,and the Value of Lost Load indicator.Furthermore,a scenario-based analysis is applied to determine the lower and upper bounds of the capacity compensation price for coal-fired power units participating in cross-regional emergency power support within the electricity market during extreme weather conditions.The results indicate that the lower bound of the capacity compensation price represents 30%-70%of the fixed costs of a coal power unit,aligning with the short-to medium-term tariff structure outlined by China’s present coal power capacity mechanism(30%-50%).The upper bound of the capacity compensation price must be adjusted upward to signal a capacity shortage,as reflected in the increasing loss of load expectation(LOLE).Finally,targeted recommendations for optimizing capacity mechanisms are presented.

关 键 词：极端天气 容量机制 跨区域配置 煤电机组 电力市场 

分 类 号：TM732[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]