社会支持对大学生体育失范行为的影响:内外部体育动机的中介作用  

The Influence of Social Support on College Students′Sports Anomie Behavior:The Mediating Role of Internal and External Sports Motivation

作　　者：尚尧 陈善平 刘丽萍 张中江 包静 SHANG Yao;CHEN Shanping;LIU Liping;ZHANG Zhongjiang;BAO Jing(Center of P.E.,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,Shaanxi,China;Department of P.E.and Research,Northwestern University,Xi′an 710068,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学体育中心,陕西西安710049 [2]西北大学体育教研部,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2025年第1期80-88,共9页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(编号:17BTY001);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(编号:23YJC890031)。

摘　　要：该研究基于体育行为认知决策理论,构建了社会支持影响大学生体育失范行为的作用路径模型,运用问卷调查及中介模型检验等方法,深入研究了社会支持对大学生体育失范行为的影响,厘清了内外部体育动机在社会支持与体育失范行为之间的中介作用。研究表明:(1)社会支持对体育失范行为具有显著的负向影响;(2)内外部体育动机在社会支持对体育失范行为的影响中具有中介作用,社会支持通过内部体育动机的独立中介作用、外部体育动机和内部体育动机的链式中介作用负向影响体育失范行为,通过外部体育动机的独立中介作用正向影响体育失范行为;(3)教师支持和同伴支持既能直接影响体育失范行为,又能通过内外部体育动机的中介作用影响体育失范行为,父母支持只能通过内外部体育动机的中介作用影响体育失范行为。由此可见,提升社会支持是抑制大学生体育失范行为的有效手段,应创设良好的社会支持环境,着重增强内部体育动机,激发外部体育动机并促使其转化内部动机,注重不同来源社会支持对于体育失范行为的作用差异,从而促使大学生更为积极主动地参与各项体育活动,有效抑制体育失范行为的发生。Based on the cognitive decision theory of sports behavior,this study constructs a path model of the influence of social support on college students′sports anomic behavior.By using the methods of questionnaire survey and mediation model test,this study further studied the influence of social support on college students′sports anomic behavior,and clarified the mediating role of internal and external sports motivation between social support and sports anomic behavior.The results shows that:(1)Social support has a significant negative effect on sports anomie behavior;(2)Internal and external sports motivation plays a mediating role in the influence of social support on sports anomie behavior.Social support negatively affects sports anomie behavior through the independent mediating role of internal sports motivation and the chain mediating role of external and internal sports motivation,and positively influences sports anomie behavior through the independent mediating role of external sports motivation.(3)Teacher support and peer support can not only directly affect sports anomie behavior,but also influence sports anomie behavior through the mediating role of internal and external sports motivation,while parental support can only influence sports anomie behavior through the mediating role of internal and external sports motivation.It can be seen that improving social support is an effective means to restrain college students′sports anomic behavior.It is necessary to create a good social support environment,focusing on enhancing internal sports motivation,stimulating external sports motivation and promoting its transformation into internal motivation,and paying attention to the difference in the effect of different sources of social support on sports anomie behavior,so as to encourage college students to participate in various sports activities more actively and effectively inhibit the occurrence of sports anomie behavior.

关 键 词：社会支持 体育失范行为 内部体育动机 外部体育动机 体育行为认知决策理论 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]