英格兰行会特许权请愿与市场化趋势  

Guild Petitions for the Franchises and the Marketization Trend in Late Medieval England

作　　者：康宁 KANG Ning

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2025年第1期50-63,M0004,M0005,共16页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中世纪英格兰行会垄断与市场治理研究”(22BSS051)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中世纪后期,英格兰行会频繁递交请愿书,要求维护其特许经营权,维持原有的市场秩序。请愿书依据特许状、城市宪章和行会章程,强调行会在会员资格、经营内容、稽查监管等方面的特权,但是随着经济发展,依赖权力赋予的特许经营权必然面临市场竞争的挑战,大量请愿书本身就意味着市场自由化倾向,而保护贸易自由是英格兰王国法律的重要原则。特许经营权与法律原则相抵牾,得不到完全支持,预示着包容自由竞争、鼓励多元主体的英格兰市场化趋势。Petitions were submitted frequently by guilds to demand the maintenance of the franchises and the preservation of the original market order in late medieval England.The guilds emphasized the privileges in terms of membership,business content and inspection based on the charters,borough charters,and guilds’bylaws.However,with the development of the economy,the franchises granted by power would inevitably be challenged by the market competition.The large number of petitions itself implied a tendency towards market liberalization,and protecting free trade was an important principle of the laws of the Kingdom.The franchises which contradicted with the legal principles were not fully supported,indicating the trend towards marketization in England which embraced free competition and encouraged a plurality of market players.

关 键 词：中世纪行会 特许经营权 请愿书 法治化 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学] F156.1[历史地理—世界史]