从人民报刊思想到无产阶级报刊理论——对马克思报刊思想发生、发展与成熟过程的历时考察  

From People’s Press Thinking to Proletarian Press Theory--A Diachronic Study of the Emergence,Development and scientizing of Marx’s Journalistic Thinking

作　　者：王潇然 宗益祥 Wang Xiaoran;Zong Yixiang

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义学院,南京210023 [2]南京大学新闻传播学院,南京210023

出　　处：《新闻春秋》2025年第1期8-16,共9页Journalism Evolution

摘　　要：相较于《莱茵报》时期马克思的人民报刊思想,《新莱茵报》时期马克思形成的无产阶级报刊理论是马克思报刊思想中更为科学的思想。《莱茵报》时期,青年马克思出于对普鲁士王国的政治批判展开了对新闻出版自由问题的辩护,依托康德-费希特的观念论哲学以及黑格尔的理性主义国家学说,马克思初步提出了“人民报刊”的思想。然而人民报刊思想之于现实问题的局限性迫使马克思在《莱茵报》卸任后清算作为自己理论基础的黑格尔主义国家观,并逐步基于唯物史观找到了先进的历史主体——无产阶级,以此形成其成熟报刊思想——无产阶级报刊理论。该理论的核心观点是无产阶级报刊要代表无产阶级利益,服务于革命斗争的现实需要,而创办《新莱茵报》正是马克思成熟报刊思想的伟大实践。Compared with Marx's press freedom view and people's press theory in the Rhine period,the proletarian press theory formed by Marx in the New Rhine period is a more scientific journalistic thinking.During the period of the Rhine,young Marx defended the freedom of publication out of his political criticism of the kingdom of Prussia.Relying on Kant-Fichte's philosophy of self-consciousness and Hegel's rationalist state theory,Marx initially proposed the idea of“people's press”.However,the utopian nature of the people's press thinking on practical issues forced Marx to liquidate his theoretical basis of Hegelian national theory after the Rhine period.Marx gradually found proletariat as the advanced historical subject based on historical materialism,thus forming a mature journalistic thinking:proletarian press theory.The core point of this theory is that the proletarian newspapers and periodicals should serve the practical needs of the revolutionary struggle.The establishment of the New Rhine is the great practice of Mar's scientific journalistic thinking.

关 键 词：马克思 报刊思想 人民报刊思想 无产阶级报刊理论 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]