三元叠加目标下不正当竞争行为评判体系的一体化建构  

Integrated Construction of Judgement System for Unfair Competition Practices under the Protective Purpose Triad

作　　者：张浩然 Zhang Haoran

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第1期156-167,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“数据保护的知识产权治理理论与实施机制研究”(23CFX025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为原则之法,反不正当竞争法修改重点不在于新兴领域具体规则创设而在于体系完善。由于制度功能定位不明晰,实践中对立法目标、调整范围、行为评判标准存在不同理解,导致难以发展出可靠案例群而形成制度自创生系统,需对不正当竞争行为评判体系进行一体化建构。在宏观层面,反不正当竞争法的立法目标由保护经营者扩展为保护经营者、消费者、公共利益的三元叠加,却非割裂三者分别保护,而是通过保护经营者、消费者利益维护市场竞争机制不受扭曲,不损害具体经营者利益而整体扰乱市场秩序或单纯损害消费者的行为不应纳入调整范畴;在中观层面,不正当竞争行为认定标准应由基于道德伦理的经验主义标准向维护市场竞争的功能主义标准转型;在微观层面,适应市场竞争保护需求,需增加规定故意阻碍竞争对手、妨碍消费者决定自由两类禁止行为类型,实现线上线下行为一体化规制,删除互联网专条。Amendments to the Anti-Unfair Competition Law(AUCL) should focus on enhancing the judgment system, rather than creating specifi c rules for emerging fi elds. The current lack of clear institutional goals has caused confusion over the AUCL's objectives, scope, and evaluation standards, hindering the development of consistent case law and a self-sustaining legal framework. Therefore, a targeted improvement of the judgment system is essential. At the macro level, the legislative objectives have expanded to protect not only business operators but also consumers and public interests. These goals must be pursued together.The AUCL should protect market competition by safeguarding the interests of both business operators and consumers. Practices harming only consumers or disrupting market order without af fecting business interests should not fall under the AUCL's regulation. At the meso level, unfair competition should be defi ned based on market competition, rather than moral or ethical considerations. At the micro level, the amendment should recognize new types of unfair competition practices, including intentional obstruction of competitors and interference with consumer choices, and unify regulations for online and o ffl ine practices, removing specifi c provisions for the internet.

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 立法目的 三元叠加 一般条款 行为类型化 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]