阿斯塔菲耶夫的生态文学书写与生态哲学思想  

Astafiev's Ecological Literature Writing and Ecological Philosophy Thought

作　　者：于明清[1] Yu Mingqing

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2025年第1期33-44,共12页Russian Literature & Arts

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招投标项目“多卷本《俄国文学通史》”(17ZDA283)中期成果。

摘　　要：作为20世纪俄罗斯生态文学的杰出代表作家,阿斯塔菲耶夫对自然的描绘手法多样,有科普式的发现式书写,审美式的步入式体验,宏大的概念性描述,意象化的自由叠加等。阿斯塔菲耶夫观念中“人”的概念包含自然人与人类社会两层。自然层面,人是生态系统中的一环,应遵从物竞天择的原则。社会层面,作家批判割裂人与土地的关系,盲目追求征服自然和技术进步的政策,主张人类社会与生物圈共同进化。在生态哲学领域的探索中,阿斯塔菲耶夫建立整体主义生态伦理观,基于此形成个性化道德评判体系,并试图建立宗教及超自然力量指引的生态神学观念。As an outstanding representative writer of Russian ecological literature in the 20th century,Astafiev employed a rich array of techniques in depicting nature,including scientific discovery-style writing,aesthetic immersive experiences,grand conceptual descriptions,and imaginative free associations.According to Astafyev's conception,the concept of"human"encompasses both natural persons and human society.At the natural level,humans are a part of the ecosystem and should abide by the principle of survival of the fittest.At the societal level,the writer criticizes Soviet policies that severed the connection between people and the land and blindly pursued the conquest of nature and technological progress,and advocates for the coevolution of human society and the biosphere.In his exploration of ecological philosophy,Astafiev established a holistic ecological ethic,based on which he formed a personalized moral evaluation system and attempted to establish an ecological theological concept guided by religion and supernatural forces.

关 键 词：阿斯塔菲耶夫 《鱼王》 生态文学 生态哲学 整体主义伦理观 

分 类 号：I512.06[文学—其他各国文学]