“民间谣曲”:古罗斯民族记忆的诗意呈现  

Folk Ballads:A Poetic Presentation of the National Memory of Old Rus

作　　者：吴笛 Wu Di

机构地区：[1]浙江越秀外国语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2025年第1期59-70,共12页Russian Literature & Arts

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“世界文学基本文献的整理、翻译与研究”(24&ZD242);国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“俄罗斯古代诗歌发展史”(21FWWA002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文旨在探讨古罗斯文学中的“民间谣曲”及其作为脑文本对民族记忆的诗意呈现。古罗斯的“民间谣曲”和“壮士歌”都属于民间文学以及口头文学的范畴,是脑文本的产物。“民间谣曲”是篇幅较为短小的叙事诗,内容涉及普通民众的日常生活场景以及当时的风土人情,与西欧的“民间谣曲”具有潜在的血缘关系。“民间谣曲”与“壮士歌”一样,具有较强的故事性,但不同于后者的特质在于谣曲的主要人物并不是历史人物或英雄形象。相较于“壮士歌”,“民间谣曲”所叙述的也不是宏大主题,而是生动具体的社会生活和普通民众的思想情感。作为口头文学的重要成就,“民间谣曲”不仅对于书面诗歌的形成发挥了重要的作用,而且以真实生动的富有诗意的描绘,呈现了古罗斯独特的民族记忆,对于探究俄罗斯文化渊源和中世纪古罗斯社会生活而言,也提供了重要的认知途径。This article discusses the"folk ballads"in Old Rus'literature and their poetic representation of national memory as brain texts.Both the"folk ballads"and the bylinas belong to the category of folk literature and oral literature,and are the products of brain texts.The"folk ballads"of Old Rus are relatively short narrative poems that reflect the thoughts,feelings,and local customs of the ordinary people,and are potentially related to the"folk ballads"of Western Europe.Like the bylinas,the"folk ballads"have a strong narrative quality,but unlike the latter,the main characters of the ballads are not historical figures or heroic figures.Compared to the bylinas,the"folk ballads"do not narrate grand themes,but vividly and specifically depict the social life and the emotions of ordinary people of that time.As an important achievement of oral literature,"folk ballads"not only played an important role in the formation of written poetry,but also presented a unique national memory of Old Rus with realistic,vivid and poetic depictions.They also provide an important way of understanding the origins of Russian culture and the social life of Old Rus.

关 键 词：古罗斯文学 口叙文学 民间谣曲 壮士歌 

分 类 号：I512.077[文学—其他各国文学]