考虑地形特征的风电场风机群雷电保护效应研究  

Research on Lightning Protection Effect of Wind Turbine Group in Wind Farm Considering Terrain Characteristics

作　　者：蔡力 陈梦远[1,2] 靳浩昊 周蜜 王建国 Cai Li;Chen Mengyuan;Jin Haohao;Zhou Mi;Wang Jianguo(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Lightning Protection and Grounding Technology,Wuhan 430072 China;School of Electric Engineering and Automation Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072 China)

机构地区：[1]雷电防护与接地技术教育部工程研究中心,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学电气与自动化学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第S1期159-170,共12页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52177154);湖北省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(2024AFA060)资助项目。

摘　　要：我国部分风机建立在山地等地区,而山地风机的雷电屏蔽特性与平原地区存在差异。该文针对风机群雷电保护效应开展研究,首先建立考虑地形特征的全尺寸风机雷击模型,并利用上行先导起始及发展模型(SLIM)计算风机不同旋转角度及地形参数下的雷电吸引区域;然后,结合缩比风机雷击试验对风机旋转的影响进行分析,提出风机转速校正参数,并根据风机转速对SLIM进行校正。研究表明,风机旋转会带动电晕区空间电荷扩散中和,使得电晕区初始电荷量减小,抑制上行先导的稳定形成。风机转速、地形结构参数、雷击电流幅值与雷电吸引区域间具有定量变化特性,以此可以进行风机雷电吸引能力评价,对风电场风机群的雷电防护具有重要意义。Wind turbines located in mountainous areas have lightning shielding characteristics that are different from those in plains,which makes it difficult to assess their lightning protection performance.In this study,a three-dimensional(3D)finite element electromagnetic simulation model is constructed which includes the wind turbine,terrain features,thundercloud configurations,and downstream pilot.Using the self-consistent leader inception and propagation model(SLIM),This paper calculated the lightning attraction zone of the wind turbine and investigated the effect of the terrain configuration on its lightning protection.First,the relationship between the lightning attraction area and the rotational angle characteristics of the wind turbine within the wind farm was analyzed.The results show that the lightning attraction area of the wind turbine is maximized when the blades of the wind turbine are in a vertical position,which is when the wind turbine generator blades are at their highest height.This is due to the fact that the strength of the electric field at the surface of the lightning catcher is maximized,which promotes the initiation and development of upward leadership.Then,this paper analyzed the effect of the scaled-down wind turbine lightning strike test on the wind turbine rotation,and propose the wind turbine speed correction parameter,which corrects the SLIM according to the wind turbine speed.The analysis shows that the wind turbine rotation drives the neutralization of space charge diffusion in the corona region,which makes the initial charge in the corona region decrease and inhibits the stable formation of the upward leader.In addition,this paper analyzed the relationship between wind turbine terrain characteristics(especially slope and height),lightning current amplitude and lightning attraction area.The lightning attraction area increases with increasing terrain slope and terrain height.It is worth noting that the trend of lightning attraction area with terrain height is more obvious than the slope of

关 键 词：风机群 雷电吸引区域 地形特征 雷电保护效应 

分 类 号：TM865[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]