考虑上行先导发展的相邻风机雷电屏蔽距离研究  

Investigation of Lightning Shielding Distances Between Adjacent Wind Turbines Considering Upward Leader Development

作　　者：蔡力 樊文超[1,2] 余鹏程 周蜜 王建国[1,2] Cai Li;Fan Wenchao;Yu Pengcheng;Zhou Mi;Wang Jianguo(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Lightning Protection and Grounding Technology,Wuhan 430072 China;School of Electric Engineering and Automation Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072 China)

机构地区：[1]雷电防护与接地技术教育部工程研究中心,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学电气与自动化学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第S1期171-182,共12页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52177154);湖北省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(2024AFA060)资助项目。

摘　　要：风能是一种快速发展的清洁能源,但是雷电威胁风电场的安全稳定运行。区别于以往简化物理过程的模型,该文使用上行先导起始及发展模型(SLIM)对上行先导的起始以及发展全过程进行计算分析,得出了3 MW风机闪击距离和雷电屏蔽距离的定量结果。同时区别于静止结构,该文还分析了不同旋转角度对风机闪击距离的影响。分析得出,在考虑上行先导的情形下,闪击距离不仅与回击电流相关,也会随着叶片旋转角度的减小和下行先导偏移量的减小而减小。根据定义的相邻风机雷电屏蔽距离,基于闪击距离的计算结果分析不同旋转角度、大气湿度、大气压强下的雷电屏蔽效应。结果表明,旋转角度的增大会导致雷电屏蔽距离减小;同时大气湿度和压强的增大,都会增大雷电屏蔽距离,基于此可为风机防雷布置提供参考。Wind power is a rapidly developing renewable energy source;however,the unique size and location of wind turbines pose significant lightning threats to the safe and stable operation of wind farms.Unlike traditional stationary structures,wind turbines are more prone to initiating upward leaders at blade tips due to their rotational characteristics.Consequently,previous lightning protection models that neglected upward leaders may not be suitable for evaluating lightning protection in wind turbines.This study aims to establish a simulation model for wind turbines,utilizing upward and downward leader propagation models to compute the striking distance and analyze the lightning shielding effects and influencing factors in wind farms.A full-scale 3MW wind turbine model is established with defined downward leader charge distribution,propagation speed,thundercloud charges,and simulation boundaries.The initiation and propagation of upward leaders are calculated and analyzed using a self-consistent leader inception and propagation model.Geometric factor is introduced to linearize the potential distribution in the streamer region to simplify computations.The simulation accounts for the effects of downward leader propagation,upward leader initiation and propagation,and leader connection.Results show that striking distances vary with downward leader offsets and blade rotation angles,as different scenarios affect upward leader propagation.Longer development times improve upward leader propagation,requiring more time for breakdown between upward and downward leaders when offsets occur.Larger blade rotation angles increase potential gradients at blade tips,leading to earlier upward leader initiation and longer development.Lightning shielding effects are analyzed based on striking distances.Shielding is weakest at a 90-degree blade rotation angle and slightly better at 30-degrees blade rotation angle.Environmental parameters,including atmospheric pressure and humidity,enhance shielding,while altitude reduces it.These findings hig

关 键 词：风力发电机群 上行先导 雷电防护 屏蔽效应 环境参数分析 

分 类 号：TM865[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]