包埋异养硝化菌强化农村生活污水脱氮除磷特性研究  

Enhanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Rural Sewage by Embedded Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria

作　　者：王艳林 杨艳玲[1] 檀旭 李星[1] 赵锂 WANG Yanlin;YANG Yanling;TAN Xu;LI Xing;ZHAO Li(Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;China Architecture Design and Research Group,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京100124 [2]中国建筑设计研究院有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《水处理技术》2025年第2期116-121,149,共7页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“公共建筑节水精细化控制技术及应用”(2018YFC0406203);中国建筑设计研究院有限公司科技创新项目(1100C080220376)。

摘　　要：农村生活污水处理存在脱氮效果差、高效微生物种群维持难等问题,包埋固定化技术可增强微生物对水质的适应性,适用于农村生活污水的应用需求。制备和优化了包埋异养硝化菌,研究了包埋异养硝化菌的脱氮除磷效能,解析了包埋异养硝化菌的微生物群落结构。结果表明,响应曲面法优化的包埋异养硝化菌最佳制备条件为:3.00%活性氧化铝、3.24%聚乙烯醇、1.73%缓释碳源、1.00%海藻酸钠、2.00%氯化钙、34.56%异养硝化菌液。包埋异养硝化菌的NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TP去除率分别为93.80%、64.58%、86.22%,比异养硝化菌分别提高58.38、18.67、63.48个百分点。高通量绝对定量测序表明:包埋异养硝化菌内假单胞菌属结构保持较好,丰度维持在40.19%;NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N分别通过氨氮同化、硝酸盐异化途径得到去除;磷通过“好氧除磷途径”得到去除。Rural sewage treatment often suffers from poor nitrogen removal and difficulty in maintaining efficient microbial populations.Embedded immobilization technology can enhance the adaptability of microorganisms to water quality,making it suitable for application in rural sewage treatment.In this study,we prepared and optimized embedded heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria,studied their nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency,and analyzed their microbial community structure.Results showed that the optimal conditions for preparing embedded heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria,optimized by the response surface method,were 3.00%activated alumina,3.24%polyvinyl alcohol,1.73%slow-release carbon,1.00%sodium alginate,2.00%calcium chloride,and 34.56%heterotrophic nitrifying bacterial liquid.The removal rates of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,and total phosphorus(TP)by the encapsulated heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria were 93.80%,64.58%,and 86.22%,respectively,which were 58.38,18.67,and 63.48 percentage points higher than those of non-encapsulated heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria.High-throughput absolute quantitative sequencing showed that the structure of Pseudomonas sp.in the embedded heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria was well maintained,with an abundance of 40.19%.Analysis of nitrogen removal pathways indicated that NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were removed through ammonia assimilation and nitrate reduction,and phosphorus was removed through aerobic phosphorus uptake and activated alumina adsorption.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 碳氮比 包埋异养硝化菌 微生物群落 响应曲面法 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]