UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器的快速启动及微生物群落结构分析  

Rapid Start-Up of UASB Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Reactor and Analysis of Microbial Community Structure

作　　者：宋东杰 赵龙 杨柯 关泽康 郑亚卿 马娟[1,2,3] SONG Dongjie;ZHAO Long;YANG Ke;GUAN Zekang;ZHENG Yaqing;MA Juan(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Wastewater Treatment Industry Technology Center,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment in Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省污水处理行业技术中心,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水处理技术》2025年第2期122-127,共6页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52060013);兰州市人才创新创业项目(2019-RC-109);兰州交通大学基础研究拔尖人才项目(2022JC50)。

摘　　要：基于厌氧氨氧化工艺中AnAOB生长缓慢、难富集导致启动缓慢的主要问题,本研究以活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥(1:2)为接种污泥,投加聚氨酯泡沫作为填料启动UASB反应器,考察了启动过程中反应器的脱氮性能、污泥外观及微生物群落结构的变化情况。结果表明,135 d后反应器对NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(2)^(-)-N的去除率分别达到90%和85%以上,总氮去除率达到80%,NO_(2)^(-)-N_(t)/NH_(4)^(+)-N_(t)和NO_(3)^(-)-Np/NH_(4)^(+)-N_(r)趋势均逐渐稳定且接近理论值1.32和0.26,系统的脱氮性能良好。此外,经过160 d的培养,接种的混合污泥也从最初的黑色最终转变为砖红色。高通量测序结果表明,浮霉菌门的丰度从最初的0.08%增长到6.06%,Candidatus Kuenenia属丰度由0.09%增长至1.73%,Candidatus Brocadia属丰度由0.02%增长至1.25%,进一步证明UASB厌氧氨氧化反应器的成功启动。To address the main problems of slow start-up due to the slow growth and difficult enrichment of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB)in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process,activated sludge and anaerobic granular sludge in a ratio of 1:2 were used as inoculum,and polyurethane foam was used as filler to initiate a UASB reactor.Changes in the reactor's denitrification performance,sludge appearance,and microbial community structure during the acclimation process of Anammox sludge were investigated.The results showed that after 135 days,the removal rates of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(2)^(-)-N reached over 90%and 85%,respectively,and the total nitrogen removal rate exceeded 80%.The ratios of NO_(2)^(-)-N_(r)/NH_(4)^(+)-N_(r)and NO_(3)^(-)-N_(p)/NH_(4)^(+)-N_(r)gradually stabilized and approached the theoretical values of 1.32 and 0.26,indicating good nitrogen removal performance of the system.Additionally,after 160 days of incubation,the sludge color changed significantly from the black of the initial anaerobic granular sludge to the brick red characteristic of AnAOB.High-throughput sequencing results showed that the abundances of Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia increased from 0.02%to 1.25%,further confirming the successful start-up of the UASB anaerobic ammonia reactor.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 UASB反应器 生物脱氮 快速启动 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]