近代铁路通行对华北内地煤矿业经济转型的多维影响  

The Multidimensional Impact of Modern Railway Transportation on the Economic Transformation of Coal Industry in the Inland Hinterland of North China

作　　者：马义平 Ma Yiping

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学马克思主义学院,天津300387

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第2期151-160,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“道清铁路与豫北社会变迁(1898—1937)”(F20240059)。

摘　　要：近代铁路在华北内陆地区未兴起之前,由于华北内地以手工采挖为主要特征的传统小煤窑(俗称土窑)深处内陆腹地,主要依靠肩挑、畜驮、船运等传统水陆交通方式对外运输销售,其所产煤炭大多都销售至周边地区的城镇、客栈、村落等消费市场。平汉路、正太路、道清路、北宁路等铁路全线通行后,以近代铁路为骨架的新式水陆交通网络体系在华北内地初步形成后,凭借全天候、大规模、中长距的独特优势,很快使华北内地煤矿业在煤炭的生产模式、运输结构、销售体系等领域发生转变,摆脱了当地煤矿业因传统水陆交通运输条件制约而造成的生产经营困境,华北内地各省煤矿业因此实现了以机械化开采为特征的近代转型,并逐渐融入了全国煤炭经济市场体系乃至海外煤炭经济大市场。Before the rise of modern railway in the inland area of North China,the coal mainly relied on traditional water and land transportation methods such as shoulder picking,animal carrying and ship transportation for external transportation and sales,and most of the coal produced was sold to the consumer markets such as towns,inns and villages in the surrounding areas.It was because the traditional small coal mines(which was commonly known as earthen kilns)with manual mining as the main feature in the inland hinterland of North China.After Pinghan Road,Zhengtai Road,Daoqing Road,Beining road and other railways were constructed and passed through,the new land and water transportation network system with modern railway as the framework was initially formed in the mainland of North China.With its unique advantages in all-weather,large-scale and medium long distance,the coal mining industry in North China was soon transformed in the coal production mode,transportation structure,sales system and other fields.The production and operation difficulties which were caused by the traditional land and water transportation conditions of the local coal industry were overcome.Therefore,the coal mining industry in the provinces of North China realized the modern transformation which was characterized by mechanized mining,and gradually integrated into the national coal economic market system and the overseas coal economic market.

关 键 词：近代铁路 华北煤矿业 经济转型 新式运销体系 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]