陶渊明对庄子自由观的拒绝与吸纳  

Tao Yuanming’s Rejection and Absorption of Zhuang Zi’s Concept of Freedom

作　　者：归青[1] Gui Qing

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第2期161-168,共8页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

摘　　要：陶渊明思想和庄子思想的核心都是追求自由,两人的自由观存在着复杂的关系。《庄子》自由观的要义是道即自由,无待、无我即自由,这种自由主要是发生在观念形态中的一种虚幻的自由感觉。从根本立场上看,陶渊明的自由观与庄子的自由观是两种截然不同的自由观。与庄子无我的自由观相反,陶渊明的自由具有强烈的主观意志和个性色彩,是有我的自由观;陶渊明尊崇的是个性,而不是庄子所谓的近乎或等于本能的自然天性;陶渊明的自由是行动的自由、选择的自由。但在一些个别、局部的问题上,陶渊明对庄子的自由观进行了有限制的吸纳:他在有我的前提下,吸纳了庄子无名、无功的思想;他在退守狭小的自由小天地、赞美隐居生活方面,受到了庄子的影响;他在崇自然和尊天性方面吸纳庄子的思想的同时又有所改造。在考察二人自由观之关系时,注意二者的差异尤为重要,有助于深刻把握陶渊明自由观的独特性。The core of both Tao Yuanming’s and Zhuang Zi’s thoughts is seeking for freedom.There is a complex relationship between their concept of freedom.The essence of Zhuang Zi’s concept is that the Tao is freedom,and that uncondition and selflessness is freedom.This kind of freedom is mainly an illusory feeling of freedom that occurs in conceptual form.On the fundamental position Tao Yuanming’s and Zhuang Zi’s concept of freedom are entirely different.Contrary to Zhuang Zi’s concept of freedom without self,Tao Yuanming’s freedom has strong subjective will and individual color,and is a concept of freedom with selfhood.Tao Yuanming’s respected nature is individuality,not the nature which Zhuang Zi regareded near or equal to instinct.Tao Yuanming’s freedom is the freedom of action and choice.However,on some isolated and localized issues,Tao Yuanming made a restricted absorption of Zhuang Zi’sconcept of freedom.He absorbed Zhuang Zi’s thought of no fame and no merit under the premise of selfness.He was influenced by Zhuang Zi in retreating to a confined world of freedom and praising the secluded life.He absorbed Zhuang Zi’s thought and modified it in venerating the nature.When exploring the relationship between their concept on freedom,it is especially important to pay attention to the difference between them.It can facilitate the grasp of the uniqueness of Tao Yuanming’s concept of freedom.

关 键 词：陶渊明 庄子 自由观 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]