清前期封赐达赖印章研究  

A Study of Seals Conferred to the Dalai in Early Qing Era

作　　者：刘凤强[1] 羊毛措[1] Liu Fengqiang;Yangmotso

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学民族研究院,咸阳712082

出　　处：《西藏研究》2024年第5期66-76,M0005,M0006,共13页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“礼仪在西藏地方与中央政府交往中的作用及影响研究(唐至清)”(项目编号:20BMZ032);2024年度西藏民族大学一般项目“藏文典籍翻译人才培养研究”(项目编号:24MDY23)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清顺治朝册封五世达赖,颁赐金册、金印,是西藏地方与中央政府关系史上的一件大事,意义深远。五世达赖对印文的藏文部分重新作了翻译,所用词汇与清廷有明显区别。康熙末年,清廷册封七世达赖并赐予金印时,没有沿用五世达赖的封号,新封号既是朝廷对册封达赖态度谨慎的表现,也是清廷修改达赖封号、印章藏文用词的一种试探。雍正朝对七世达赖又重新册封,颁赐金印,进一步加强了西藏地方与中央政府的关系。从金印汉文部分来看,册封的封号与顺治朝只有译音上的一字之差,区别不大,但藏文却有较大变化,雍正朝颁赐金印印文与五世达赖所用词汇相对较为接近。三次颁赐金印藏译文变化的背后,包含了清廷对藏传佛教态度的演变,表现出清朝治理边疆文化理念已趋成熟。The Qing Shunzhi Emperor's conferral of titles and a golden seal to the 5th Dalai marked a significant milestone in the relationship between Tibet and the central government. The Tibetan translation of the seal's inscription,revised by the 5th Dalai,differed notably from the Qing court' s terminology. By the late Kangxi era,the 7th Dalai received a new title and golden seal,reflecting the court's cautious approach and its experimental revisions of Tibetan terminology. During the Yongzheng reign,the 7th Dalai was re-titled,with a new golden seal granted to further consolidate the central-Tibet relations. While the Chinese text on the seals changed minimally,the Tibetan translations underwent significant revisions,with the Yongzheng-era terms aligning more closely with those of the 5th Dalai. These shifts reveal the Qing court's evolving stance on Tibetan Buddhism,showcasing its maturing strategies for governance of the boarder areas and cultural integration of ethnic groups.

关 键 词：清前期 印章 印文 边疆文化 治国策略 

分 类 号：D67[政治法律—政治学]