高氯酸盐的还原转化:原理和应用  

Reductive Transformation of Perchlorate:Fundamentals and Applications

作　　者：方军华 李若繁 张文军 张伟贤[1] Junhua Fang;Ruofan Li;Wenjun Zhang;Weixian Zhang(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shangli fireworks development research center,Pingxiang 337000,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092 [2]萍乡上栗焰花爆竹发展研究中心,萍乡337000

出　　处：《化学进展》2024年第12期1901-1914,共14页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFC3702102);国家自然科学基金(No.51978488);广东省重点领域研发计划(No.2020B0202080001)资助。

摘　　要：高氯酸盐是水中的持久性无机污染物,由于其高溶解性、流动性和稳定性,在环境中很难降解。高氯酸盐的污染已成为全球性的环境挑战,因其在地表水和地下水中的残留物通过各种途径进入食物和饮用水,构成潜在的健康风险。化学和生物方法被广泛研究用于高氯酸盐的去除,每种方法都具有独特的优势和挑战。本文系统总结了近年来去除水中高氯酸盐的化学和生物处理技术的研究进展,详细阐述了这些技术的机理、影响因素和优缺点。化学降解、催化还原和电化学还原是处理高氯酸盐污染的有效方法。有机电子供体如乙酸、甘油、乙醇和甲烷,以及无机电子供体如氢气和元素硫,被广泛应用于高氯酸盐的生物降解过程中。化学方法提供了快速的还原速率和简单的操作,而生物方法则提供了环保的解决方案和长期的可持续性潜力。然而,这两种方法均存在局限性。近年来,研究人员开始探索将化学和生物方法相结合的联合去除技术,以提高高氯酸盐污染物的修复效率。本文综述了吸附-生物法、生物-电化学法和化学还原-生物法三种联合去除技术的研究进展。此外,还探讨了未来研究的方向,包括工程化实施研究、材料和微生物研究、实际应用研究以及高氯酸盐降解机理。Perchlorate,a persistent inorganic pollutant in water,poses a global environmental challenge due to its high solubility,mobility,and stability,making it difficult to degrade in the environment.Contamination by perchlorate has become a worldwide environmental issue,as residues of perchlorate in surface water and groundwater enter food and drinking water through various pathways,posing potential health risks.Chemical and biological methods have been extensively studied for perchlorate removal,each with its unique advantages and challenges.This paper systematically summarizes the recent research progress in chemical and biological treatment technologies for removing perchlorate from water,elaborating on the mechanisms,influencing factors,and advantages and disadvantages of these technologies.Chemical degradation,catalytic reduction,and electrochemical reduction are effective methods for treating perchlorate pollution.Organic electron donors such as acetate,glycerol,ethanol,and methane,as well as inorganic electron donors such as hydrogen and elemental sulfur,are widely used in the biological degradation process of perchlorate.Chemical methods provide rapid reduction rates and convenient implementation,while biological methods offer environmentally friendly solutions and long-term sustainable potential.However,both methods have limitations.In recent years,researchers have begun to explore combined removal techniques that integrate chemical and biological methods to enhance the remediation efficiency of perchlorate pollution.This paper reviews the research progress of three combined removal techniques:adsorption-biological method,bio-electrochemical method,and chemical reduction-biological method.In addition,future research directions are discussed,including engineering implementation studies,materials and microbiology research,practical application studies,and in-depth exploration of perchlorate degradation mechanisms.

关 键 词：高氯酸盐 化学降解 生物降解 联合去除技术 生物电化学法 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]