含能晶体材料撞击感度的影响研究进展  

Research Progress on the Influence of Impact Sensitivity of Energetic Crystal Materials

作　　者：李洪珍[1] 焦方宝 LI Hong-zhen;JIAO Fang-bao(Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang Sichuan 621999,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2025年第1期1-21,I0004,共22页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22175159)。

摘　　要：为揭示含能晶体材料的组成-结构形态-感度的关系,分别从晶体结构、晶体形态、多组分晶体的组成和复合结构等方面,系统总结了不同晶体形态特征、以及测试条件和试样状态对撞击感度的影响及规律,探究了其基本原因。指出含能晶体材料的晶形、粒度、缺陷和聚集态结构等特征形态对撞击感度影响规律的认识主要还是宏观的或定性的,影响的极限程度和定量关系不清楚;共晶、掺杂、复合等多组分复合晶体的构筑机理不清,没有建立组成和结构与感度的定性定量关系;不同晶体特征对撞击感度的作用机制还未得到统一认识。由此,提出了从晶体结构设计、晶体颗粒形态调控、复合晶体设计与构筑等方面以进一步降低撞击感度的策略,为继续开展高能低感含能晶体的研制和应用提供指导。附参考文献128篇。In order to reveal the composition-structure-sensitivity relationship of energetic crystalline materials,the influence of crystal characteristics,namely,the crystal structure,crystal morphology,multi-component crystal composition and composite structure,as well as test conditions and sample state on impact sensitivity,were systematically studied and summarized and the basic reasons were explored.The influence of crystal morphology,grain size,defects and aggregation structure on impact sensitivity is mainly of macroscopic or qualitative,where the limit of influence and quantitative relationship of crystal characteristics on impact sensitivity are unclear.The construction mechanism of cocrystallization,doping and coating of multicomponent composite crystals is unclear,and the qualitative and quantitative relationship between composition and structure and sensitivity is not established yet.The mechanism of the different crystal characteristics on impact sensitivity has not reached a unified understanding.On this basis,the strategies were proposed to reduce impact sensitivity from three aspects:crystal structure design,crystal particle morphology control,composite crystal design and preparation technology,which will provide a guidance and reference for the design and application of high-energy and low-sensitivity energetic materials.128 References were attached.

关 键 词：含能晶体材料 撞击感度 安全性 降感 共晶 起爆机理 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工]