单质含能材料降感策略与机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Desensitization Strategies and Mechanisms of Single Compound Energetic Materials

作　　者：易治宇 姜一帆 曲文刚[1] 高红旭[1] 赵凤起[1] YI Zhi-yu;JIANG Yi-fan;QU Wen-gang;GAO Hong-xu;ZHAO Feng-qi(National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials,Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所含能材料全国重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2025年第1期64-77,I0006,共15页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22175140);国家重大科研仪器研制项目(No.52027809)。

摘　　要：从减少外界刺激的影响和优化含能材料结构设计的角度出发,综述了单质含能材料在不同降感策略下的降感机制,具体包括缓冲、润滑、导电、吸热和绝热、改善含能材料晶体品质和增强含能分子稳定性等;分析了多维度降感策略,如使用多功能的降感材料和耦合多种降感手段对应的综合降感机制;提出了今后含能材料降感的发展方向:研发兼具高能和钝感特性的含能材料,研究含能材料降感机制与使用环境的关联性,以及从分子尺度建立普适性更强的定量化描述感度的模型,为设计新型高能钝感含能材料提供理论指导与技术支撑。附参考文献93篇。From the perspectives of reducing the influence of external stimuli and optimizing the structural design of energetic materials,the desensitization mechanisms of single compound energetic materials under different desensitization strategies are reviewed,including buffering,lubrication,conduction,heat absorption and insulation,improving the quality of energetic crystals and enhancing the stability of energetic molecules.The comprehensive desensitization mechanisms of multi-dimensional desensitization strategies such as using multifunctional desensitization materials and coupling various desensitization means are analyzed.The development directions of desensitization of energetic materials in the future are put forward:to develop energetic materials with both high-energy and insensitive characteristics,to research the relationship between desensitization mechanism of energetic materials and operational environment,and to build up universal quantitative description models of sensitivity from the molecular scale,providing theoretical guidance and technical support for designing new high-energy insensitive energetic materials.93 References were attached.

关 键 词：含能材料 感度 降感策略 降感机制 “热点”理论 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工]