宏基因组高通量测序在不典型肺结核诊断中的研究进展  

Research progress of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis

作　　者：胡小娟 曼古努·石那别克 闫芳[1] HU Xiaojuan;MANGUNNU Shi Nabek;YAN Fang(No.1 Respiratory Department of Respiratory and Respiratory Critical Care Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与呼吸危重症中心呼吸一科,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2025年第4期195-198,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

摘　　要：结核病作为全球第二大传染病,在中国的患病率位居世界第三。不典型肺结核的诊断对临床微生物学领域构成重大挑战。宏基因组高通量测序(mNGS)技术在诊断不明原因的肺部感染和涂阴肺结核方面展现出高特殊病原体检出率,相较于Xpert MTB/RIF等传统分子生物学技术,mNGS在灵敏度和特异度上具有明显优势,尤其在处理混合感染和准确性测试方面。mNGS为不典型肺结核提供了一种有效鉴别方法,但该技术在成本与数据分析方面仍面临着巨大挑战。为提高患者疗效与生活质量,仍需优化测序技术、提高诊断准确度、开发精确的生物信息学工具。本综述旨在探讨mNGS在不典型肺结核诊断中的应用现状及如何克服现有挑战,以期为临床医生提供更准确的诊断工具。As the world's second largest infectious disease,the prevalence of tuberculosis in China ranks third in the world.The diagnosis of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis poses a major challenge to the field of clinical microbiology.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)technology shows a high detection rate of specific pathogens in the diagnosis of unexplained pulmonary infections and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Compared with traditional molecular biology techniques such as Xpert MTB/RIF,mNGS has obvious advantages in sensitivity and specificity,especially in dealing with mixed infections and accuracy tests.mNGS provides an effective identification method for atypical pulmonary tuberculosis,but the technology still faces great challenges in terms of cost and data analysis.In order to improve the efficacy and quality of life of patients,it is still necessary to optimize sequencing technology,improve diagnostic accuracy,and develop accurate bioinformatics tools.This review aims to explore the application status of mNGS in the diagnosis of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis and how to overcome the existing challenges,in order to provide more accurate diagnostic tools for clinicians.

关 键 词：支气管肺泡灌洗液 宏基因组高通量测序 不典型肺结核 诊断 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]