探析“沉思传统”对本质主义人性观和技术观的影响  

Exploring the Impact of the Tradition of Contemplation on Essentialist Views of Human Nature and Technology

作　　者：王婷 郁振华(指导)[1] Wang Ting

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《思想与文化》2024年第1期331-346,共16页Thought & Culture

摘　　要：在探讨人性与技术的关系时,生物保守主义和超人类主义都预设了本质主义的观点,将人类与技术的关系视为截然对立、严格区分的二元关系,具体表现为技术实质论和技术工具论。这种本质主义观点源自沉思传统,其中知识与行动被视为相互分离,并存在一种理论高于实践,实践高于制作的等级秩序。这不仅导致了生物保守主义对侵入人体内部的增强技术表现出反感,担心这些技术会将人性物化,而且也使超人类主义忽略了技术的自主性和心灵的具身性。为了解决这两个问题,未来的研究或许应该探讨如何超越沉思传统,以更加开放、多元的非本质主义的方式来理解人性与技术之间的关系。When examining the relationship between human nature and technology,both bioconservatives and transhumanists assume essentialist perspectives.They conceive this relationship as a starkly opposed,strictly differentiated binary,manifested as the instrumental and substantive models of technology,respectively.These essentialist viewpoints stem from the tradition of contemplation that separates knowledge from action,and a hierarchical order prevails,with theoria prioritized over praxis and praxis over poiesis.This not only results in bioconservatives expressing aversion toward invasive body-altering technologies,fearing that these technologies may objectify human nature,but also leads transhumanists to overlook the agency of technology and the embodiment of the mind.To tackle these challenges,future research should explore ways to transcend the tradition of contemplation and embrace a more open,diverse,and non-essentialist approach to understanding the relationship between human nature and technology.

关 键 词：生物保守主义 超人类主义 人性 增强技术 本质主义 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B82-05