行政公益诉讼构造中检察机关的角色定位及其制度建构  

作　　者：闫尔宝[1] 李冉 

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院 [2]南开大学天津市行政检察研究基地

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第6期171-187,共17页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：自行政公益诉讼开展试点及纳入立法以来,检察机关以诉讼方式担负起公益司法保护的使命。然而,检察机关在行政公益诉讼中的角色定位在理论与实务中存在认识分歧,在普通原告与特定行政公诉人之间存在争论,导致诉前与诉讼程序中忽视检察机关法律监督职能,遵循传统主观诉讼模式,缺乏对检察公益诉讼客观诉讼性质的回应。究其原因,检察机关提起行政公益诉讼的主体地位模糊是由于检察机关行政诉权依据尚未达成共识,对公益代表与法律监督莫衷一是,未整体考量检察机关与行政机关、法院之间的权限关系。为此,有必要从诉讼构造视角,探究行政公益诉讼如何以诉讼方式实现权力制约,挖掘一般监督的理论内涵,适用检察官客观公正义务,从而理顺检察机关、行政机关与法院的权限分配关系,明确行政公诉人的角色定位,进而建构检察行政公益诉讼具体制度。Since the introduction of administrative public interest litigation on a pilot basis and its subsequent incorporation into legislation,procuratorial authorities have assumed the responsibility of judicially protecting the public interest through litigation.However,there are differing views in both theory and practice regarding the role of procuratorial organs in such litigation.These differences extend to the qualifications of ordinary plaintiffs and the specific role of the administrative public prosecutor,leading to pre-litigation and litigation procedures that often overlook the legal supervisory function of procuratorial organs.Instead,traditional subjective litigation models are followed,lacking the objective litigation characteristics necessary for effectively responding to public interest concerns.The ambiguity in the status of procuratorial organs in administrative public interest litigation stems from the lack of consensus on their role in legal supervision and representation of the public interest in administrative litigation.This issue arises because the focus has been on the prosecutorial body itself,without considering its position within the broader litigation structure and its relationship with administrative agencies and courts.To address this,it is essential to explore the litigation structure from a systemic perspective,ensuring checks and balances through litigation.This involves examining the theoretical foundation of general supervision and clarifying the prosecutor's obligation to be objective and impartial.By doing so,the distribution of responsibilities among procuratorial organs,administrative agencies,and courts can be properly delineated,the role of the administrative prosecutor confirmed,and a specific system for prosecutorial administrative public interest litigation constructed.

关 键 词：诉讼构造 权力制约 行政公诉权 客观诉讼 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学] D925.3