我国阻断法的适用难点与完善路径  

作　　者：张鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院 [2]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第6期63-77,共15页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中国国际体育法治话语权提升研究”(21BTY057)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在我国涉阻断法适用第一案的判决中,法院排除了《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》与《反外国制裁法》相关条款的适用,但并未说明理据,未能揭示外国次级制裁对于我国主体经贸及相关活动所产生的直接影响与间接影响之间存在的根本差异。该案反映了阻断法适用的核心要件在于阻断禁令的发布实施。阻断禁令启动后,我国当事人终止与外国制裁对象之间的民事法律关系的行为,不应一概被判定违反阻断法而归于无效。我国阻断法在司法适用中应从以下几个方面予以完善:其一,将直接影响与间接影响一并纳入适用范围;其二,明确依职权发布阻断禁令的启动机制,增设面向特定主体的阻断禁令,设置阻断禁令与司法程序的衔接机制;其三,在违反强制性规定的合同行为效力判定中,主观过错应被作为构成要件之一,并采用举证责任倒置;其四,违背阻断法的应受行政处罚行为判定同样应将主观过错纳入构成要件,并增设比例原则的考量。In the first case involving blocking law in China,the court excluded the application of relevant provisions of the Rules for Blocking the Improper Extraterritorial Application of Foreign Laws and Measures and the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law without providing justifications,failing to reveal the fundamental differences between the direct and indirect impacts of foreign secondary sanctions on economic and trade activities.This judgement shows that the core element of the blocking law application is the issuance and implementation of the blocking injunction.After the blocking ban is initiated,the termination of the civil legal relationship between the Chinese party and the targets of foreign sanctions should not be judged to be invalid only because it violates the blocking law.In the application of the blocking laws in China,both direct and indirect influences should be included.The ex officio issuance of injunctions should be a part of blocking injunctions mechanism.The blocking injunctions for specific subjects should be added.The mechanism for connecting blocking injunctions with judicial procedures should be set up.In the determination of the validity of civil acts for violation of mandatory provisions,subjective fault should be regarded as one of the constitutive elements.And the burden of proof should be reversed.Subjective fault should also become a constitutive element for the imposition of administrative penalties for violating the blocking laws.The principle of proportionality should be adopted in the application of the blocking laws.

关 键 词：阻断法 阻断禁令 主观过错 举证责任倒置 比例原则 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学] D99