2022年广州市番禺区工作场所职业病危害因素定期检测结果分析  

Analysis of periodic detection results of occupational hazard factors in workplaces in Panyu District of Guangzhou 2022

作　　者：陈钜斌 邱敏辉 吴晓灵 梁文靖[1] 梁丽仪[1] 卢妍 CHEN Jubin;QIU Minhui;WU Xiaoling;LIANG Wenjing;LIANG Liyi;LU Yan(Panyu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 511400,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市番禺区疾病预防控制中心,广州511400

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2025年第1期15-19,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的分析广州市番禺区工作场所职业病危害因素风险水平,为进一步开展职业病防控工作提供重要依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,对2022年辖区内开展职业病危害因素定期检测的757家企业进行职业病危害因素调查,分析不同规模企业的职业病危害因素检测开展率、检测超标企业率;粉尘、化学因素、物理因素在不同规模企业、不同行业企业的超标情况及主要超标物质。组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法,检验水准为α=0.05。结果2022年广州市番禺区不同规模企业的职业病危害因素检测开展率、检测超标企业率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且均随企业规模的减小而降低(χ^(2)_(趋势)=37.961,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(趋势)=21.652,P<0.001)。757家企业的粉尘、化学因素、物理因素超标率分别为2.37%、0.33%和15.89%。不同类型粉尘超标率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=66.471,P<0.001),超标率最高的类型为矽尘(11.07%)。不同规模企业噪声检测点超标率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.114,P<0.001),超标率前2位为大型企业(23.15%)、微型企业(23.02%)。结论广州市番禺区不同规模企业的职业病危害因素检测开展率、检测超标企业率存在差异,小微型企业职业卫生管理水平亟需提高,大型企业的超标岗位要加强治理,噪声、矽尘职业危害较为突出,应重点关注。Objective To analyze the risk levels of occupational hazards in workplaces in Panyu District of Guangzhou,so as to provide the important basis for further occupational disease prevention and control work.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the occupational hazard factors in 757 enterprises in Panyu District in 2022.The detection rate and rate of enterprises with over-standard projects of different scale enterprises were analyzed.The over-standard rate of dust,chemical factors and physical factors in different scale and different type enterprises were analyzed,as well as the main over-standard substances.χ^(2)test or Fisher's precision probability test were used for comparison between groups,and the test level was 0.05.Results In 2022,there were statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in the detection rate of occupational hazard factors and the overstandard enterprises rate among enterprises of different scales in Panyu District of Guangzhou.And all of them decreased with the decrease of enterprise scale(χ^(2)_(trend)=37.961,P<0.001;χ^(2)=21.652,P<0.001).The over-standard rates of dust,chemical factors,and physical factors of 757 enterprises were 2.37%,0.33%,and 15.89%,respectively.There was a significant difference in the over-standard rate of different types of dust(χ^(2)=66.471,P=0.001),with the highest over-standard rate being silica dust(11.07%).The over-standard rate of noise among enterprises of different scales was also difference(χ^(2)=23.114,P=0.001),among which the top two enterprises were large enterprises(23.15%)and micro enterprises(23.02%).Conclusions In Panyu District of Guangzhou,there are differences in the detection rate of occupational hazard factor and the rate of over-standard enterprises among enterprises of different scales.The occupational health management of small and micro enterprises needs to be improved.The management of over-standard posts in large enterprises needs to be strengthen.And the occupational hazards from noise and silica dust are seriou

关 键 词：职业病危害因素 定期检测 矽尘 噪声 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]