重叠是一种加缀运作吗?——普通话重叠式AABB的类型学特征分析  

Is Reduplication a Form of Affixation?——A Typological Analysis on AABB Reduplication in Standard Mandarin

作　　者：贾林华[1] Jia Linhua(International Education Institute,North China Electric Power University)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学国际教育学院

出　　处：《韵律语法研究》2023年第1期18-38,共21页Studies in Prosodic Grammar

摘　　要：普通话AABB重叠式以A为基式、以[B与A同义]为重叠部分,首先经过语义叠合形成AB,继而以此为基础,完全重叠为AABB。这一由语义同一性驱动的重叠无法在盛极一时的“加缀论”(Marantz,1982)框架内得到阐释;加缀论也无法解释某些语言中的同义冗余重叠。构词重叠理论(Morphological Doubling Theory,Inkelas&Zoll,2005)通过将世界语言的重叠分为单纯的音系重叠和构词重叠弥补了加缀论的不足。然而这种二分法也同样无法完美解释AABB重叠,因为AABB兼具构词重叠和音系重叠的双重特征:它既以语义的同一性为重叠动机,同时又以实现由两个标准音步组成的复合韵律词(Compound Prosodic Word,冯胜利,1997:31)为重叠动机。AABB的这种双重叠合特征源于汉语双音节同义并列复合构词的显赫性和标准音步的音系强势性,是其鲜明而独特的类型学特征。A two-step operation forms AABB reduplication in Standard Mandarin(labeled as“SM”):the first is a semantic doubling with[A]as its base and[_(Bsyn.with/opp.to A)]as its reduplicant,thus leading to a synonymous or antonymous combination of[AB];the second step uses a phonological copying of two parts–[σ_(A)]/[σ_(B)]as their bases and[σ_(A)σ_(A)]/[σ_(B)σ_(B)]as their reduplications respectively,hence a quadrisyllabic construction of[AABB].For example:[bèng]+[tiào]→[bèngtiào]→[bèngbèngtiàotiào]bounce jump bounce jump bounce bounce jump jump/state of being constantly jumping[dà]+[xiǎo]→[dàxiǎo]→[dàdàxiǎoxiǎo]big small big small big big small small/assorted things of different size Moreover,AABB meets the two criteria for judging a typical Compound Prosodic Word(Feng,1997:31).The first is that AABB is composed of two Standard Feet(labeled as“F”)[σ_(A)σ_(A)]F and[σ_(B)σ_(B)]F,second is that it has formed two types of fixed stress patterns:[σ_(w)σ_(m)σ_(w)σ_(s)]in comparatively formal contexts when[σ_(A)σ_(B)]F is iambic,i.e.[σ_(m)σ_(s)]F,and[σ_(m)σ_(w)σ_(w)σ_(s)]in informal contexts when[σ_(A)σ_(B)]F is trochaic,i.e.[σ_(s)σ_(w)]F(“s”stands for“strong”,“w”for“weak”and“m”for“middle”),as illustrated by the following examples:formal style:[σ_(m)σ_(s)]F[σ_(w)σ_(m)σ_(w)σ_(s)][yáoyè][yáoyáoyèyè]swing sway swing swing sway sway/state of being constantly swaying informal style:[σ_(s)σ_(w)]F[σ_(m)σ_(w)σ_(w)σ_(s)][móceng][mómocengcèng]grind rub grind grind rub rub/state of being dawdling Whereas ABAB,another similar reduplication in SM,although also consists of two standard feet,doesn’t show a fixed stress pattern.By allowing insertion of a relatively long pause between two ABs,ABAB,in essence,comprises two separate prosodic words,thus resulting in a loosely linked prosodic phrase.For instance:“xuěbái xuěbái/snow-white snow-white”,“shāngliang shāngliang/discuss discuss”.Therefore,AABB is not only driven by semant

关 键 词：AABB 加缀 语义同一性 构词重叠 音系重叠 复合韵律词 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H146